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Bio - Viruses and Bacteria > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which kingdom are viruses found?

A

They are not in a kingdom

  • because they are they do not share all characteristics with living cells.
  • they are BETWEEN LIVING AND NONLIVING matter
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2
Q

What is unique about a virus?

A

Outside the cell it has no life; but inside the cell it can REPRODUCE

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3
Q

List some common viruses.

A

common cold smallpox cold sores influenza polio mumps

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4
Q

When was the virus discovered?

A

1934 through electron microscope

viruses are very small, measured in nanometers

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5
Q

What are the parts of a virus?

A
  1. inner nucleic acid core -
  2. CAPSID = outer protective protein coat
    • Capsid 95% of the virus and gives its shape
  3. Occasionally lipid membrane may enclose capsid, as in HIV (AIDS virus)
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6
Q

Is a virus smaller or larger than a bacteria?

A

Smaller

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7
Q

Where does the lipid layer come from, if a virus has one?

A

The host cell’s membrane

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8
Q

What type of nucleic acid is in a virus?

A

contains only one of:

  1. DNA
  2. RNA

* may be single strand or double strand

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9
Q

various geometric shapes of viruses

A

icosahedral - roughly spherical helical - spiral complex (have capsids)

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10
Q

Replication

A

The process by which genetic material is duplicated

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11
Q

Steps of viral replication

A
  1. Attachment and entrance. The virus recognizes host cell and enters (whole virus of just DNA enters)
  2. Synthesis of protein and nucleic acid (viral DNA or RNA directs the host)
  3. Assembly. The nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes are brought together as new virus.
  4. Release of new viruses. Host cell dies.
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12
Q

Viral Replicatin figure

A
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13
Q

Lytic Cycle

A
  • the replication cycle
  • causes the host cell to burst and die
  • can take 25-45 minutes
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14
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A
  • Certain viruses, such as cancer viruses
  • Cycle does not kill the host outright, might last for years
  • Viral DNA becoem part of chromosome and is dormant
  • Later the virus will be stimulated to go into the lytic cycle adn decome virulent
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15
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

mononucleosis (DNA)

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16
Q

poxvirus

A

smallpox

17
Q

Varicell-zoster

A

chicken pox

18
Q

rhinovirus

A

common cold (RNA)

19
Q

retrovirus (HIV)

A

AIDS

20
Q

How viruses cause disease

A
  • virus attacks cell as it reproduces
  • destruction of cells causes symptoms of disease
21
Q

How can you treat viruses?

A
  • antibiotics do not work
  • there are a few antivirals medications
  • can be prevented with vaccines
22
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

the body reacts to the vaccine as if it were the real virus and produces antibodies

these antibodies stay and make the body immune to that disease

23
Q

Bateriophage

A

Special type of virus that infect bacteria

tadpole shape with head and tail region

24
Q

Two actions of bacteriophage

A
  1. virulent phages that cause lysis
  2. temperate phages lie dormant for long periods of time and thier genes can last years on a host chromosome
25
Q

Which viral cycle causes disease?

A

Lytic cycle

26
Q

What is the difference between viruses and bacteria?

A
  1. Viruses are smaller
  2. Viruses can’t survive without a living host.
  3. Bacteria are alive
  4. Bacteria have organelles
  5. Bacteria have cell wall, viruese have capsid
27
Q

What a re similarites beteen viruses and bacteria?

A
  1. Both have one cell or unit (virus is not a cell)
  2. Both have one strand of genetic material
  3. Neither has a nucleus
28
Q

Eubacteria

A

true bacteria

29
Q

Archaebacteria

A
  • Archae maeans primitive, from the beginning of time)
  • live in environments where other organisms cannot survive
    • high salt
    • high temperature
    • high acidity
    • may not have oxygen
    • harsh conidtions similare to when Earth first evolved
30
Q

Common Characters of Eubacteria and Arcaebacteria

A
  1. Cells are prokayotic (lack membraine bound nucleus or organelles)
  2. All are single celled.
  3. Have a single chromosome.
  4. Can reproduce asexually by binary fussion.
31
Q

Monera

A

Kingdom that contain organisma that lack a true nucleus

32
Q

Why Kingdom Monera is changed into

Kingdom Archbacteria and

Kingdom Eubacteria

A
  • Archaebacteria have rigid cell walls and ribosomes that are structurally different than eubacteria
33
Q

Shapes of Eubacteria

A
  1. spherical (coccus, cocci plural)
  2. red-shaped (bacillus, bacilli plural)
  3. spiral (spirillum, spirilla plural)
34
Q

Antibiotics

A
  1. Discovered in 1940s
  2. Treat bacterial infections
  3. 2500+ naturally occuring antibiotics
  4. Unfortunately some bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by variations in genetic material
35
Q

Prokaryote

A

Ther is no nuclear membrane around the chromosomes

36
Q

Eukaryote

A
  • Cell with a true nucleus.
  • A membrane surrounds the genetic material
37
Q
A
38
Q
A

Bio - Viruses and Bacteria (1 decks)

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