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Biology Lecture Exam #1 > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses ?

A

A particle that infects cells of organisms.
Nonliving organism
Not composed of cells
Cannot replicate without host cell

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2
Q

Nucleic Acid ?

A
  • RNA or DNA

- ss (single stranded) or ds (double stranded)

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3
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat

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4
Q

Envelope

A

Coat of host cell membrane.
Sometimes there.
Protection : makes it harder to detect

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5
Q

Virus classification (5)

A

Size and structure

Method of nucleic acid replication (depends on

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6
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Virus that infects bacteria

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7
Q

Lytic Cycle

A

Common for viruses and its their main goal. Eventually all viruses do this.

1) Attachment
2) Penetration
3) Replication (copy nucleic acid) and Synthesis (make protein to build more capsids)
4) Assembly
5) Release

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8
Q

Lysogenic Cycle

A

1) Attachment
2) Penetration
3) Integration : put viral nucleic acid (DNA) into host cells DNA
4) Replication (copies Prophage)
- Eventually leads to assembly and release

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9
Q

Viroids

A
  • short RNA chains (<300 nucleotides)
  • no capsids
  • plant pathogens
  • not virus but virus like
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10
Q

Prions

A
  • misfolded proteins
  • cause transmissible spongiform enciphalopathies (brain disease) example; mad cow disease
  • degenerative nervous system
  • not a virus but virus like
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11
Q

Pox viruses

A
  • dsDNA
  • Envelope
  • Large, complex viruses; replicate in cytoplasm of host
  • Smallpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and economically important diseases of domestic fowl
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12
Q

Herpes viruses

A
  • dsDNA
  • Envelope
  • medium to large; replicate in host nucleus
  • cold sores, genital herpes, a STD, chickenpox, shingles
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13
Q

Adeno virus

A
  • dsDNA
  • No envelope
  • replicate in the host nucleus
  • Respiratory tract disorders (sore throat, tonsillitis), conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal disorders are caused by more than 40 adenoviruses in humans, others varieties infect animals
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14
Q

Papova viruses

A
  • dsDNA
  • No envelope
  • Human warts and some degenerative brain diseases; some cancers including cervical cancer
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15
Q

Parvo viruses

A
  • ssDNA
  • No envelope
  • Some require a helper virus in order to multiply
  • Infections in dogs, swine, arthropods, rodents; gastroenteritis in humans (transmitted by eating infected shellfish)
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16
Q

Toga viruses

A
  • ssRNA can serve as mRNA
  • Envelope
  • Large diverse group of medium sized
  • may be transmitted by arthropods
  • Rubella (German measles)
17
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

A
  • ssRNA can serve as template for mRNA synthesis
  • Envelope
  • medium sized that often exhibit projecting spikes
  • Influenza (flu) in humans and other animals
18
Q

Paramyxovirus

A
  • ssRNA
  • resemble orthomyxoviruses but somewhat larger
  • Rubeola (measles) and mumps in humans; distemper in dogs
19
Q

Rhabdoviruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • Rabies
20
Q

Corona viruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • Upper respiratory infections; SARS
21
Q

Flaviviruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • Yellow fever, West Nile virus, hepatitis C (the most common reason for liver transplants in the US)
22
Q

Folio viruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • Hemorrhagic fever, including that caused by the Ebola virus
23
Q

Bunya viruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • St. Louis encephalitis; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (caused by Sin Nombre virus , a hantavirus)
24
Q

Retro viruses

A
  • ssRNA
  • Envelope
  • Viruses that contain reverse transcriptase for transcribing the RNA genome into DNA; two identical molecules of ssRNA
  • AIDS; some types of cancer
25
Q

Picornaviruses

A
  • ssRNA can serve as mRNA
  • No envelope
  • Diverse group of small viruses
  • Polio, Hepatitis A, Intestinal disorders (Enteroviruses), common cold (Rhinoviruses), aseptic meningitis (Coxsackievirus, echovirus)
26
Q

Reovirus

A
  • dsRNA
  • No envelope
  • Vomiting and diarrhea; encephalitis

Biology Lecture Exam #1 (5 decks)

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