Viruses

Question 1

Hepatitis

Answer 1

Family: Hepatitis A - Hepatitis E
Picorna, hepadna “liver-DNA”, flavivirus, deltavirus, calicivirus- Pick His Fla. D, [Khaleesi]
Genome: All are ssRNA, except hepaDNA
Transmission: A and E are oral-anal (A and E are the top and the bottom of the list, just like oral and anal are at the top and bottom of the body), the rest are blood borne.
Disease: all in the name, Hep D requires previous infection by Hep B for infection.

Question 2

Influenza

Answer 2

Family: orthomyxovirus "straight mucus"
Genome:ssRNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: influenza
Only RNA virus besides retroviruses to not go through transcription in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Paramyxovirus group

Answer 3

Paramyxo = “With mucus”
Viruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Measles, Mumps, parainfluenza
Genome: all ssRNA-, enveloped, RSV lacks glycoproteins on envelope
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, measles (rubeola), mumps, croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis)

Measles: koplik’s spots in oral cavity, small bluish white lesions surrounded by red ring, occur opposite of molars.

Mumps: cause enlargement of parotid glands-> deafness in children or orchitis (inflammation of testes) in adults

Parainfluenza: acute respiratory disease

RSV:

Question 4

Rubella

Answer 4

Family: togavirus 
Genome: ssRNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets 
Disease: rubella
Single Rubella wears a toga

Rash (flat pink spots on face which spreads to other parts of body.

Question 5

Adenovirus

Answer 5

Family: adenovirus “gland”
Genome: dsDNA “a-DNA-virus”
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis
Adeno = glands > coughing > respiratory droplets > mucous transfer to airway, lungs, eyes

Question 6

Rhinovirus

Answer 6

Family: Picornavirus “rhinos are like unicorns”
Genome:ssRNA “pico (little) -RNA”
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: common cold. “Rhino = nose”

Question 7

HIV

Answer 7

Family: retrovirus
Genome: ssRNA (uses RNA to reverse transcribe DNA)
Transmission: blood, sex
Disease: AIDS

Question 8

Herpesvirus Family

Answer 8

Virus: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), HSV-1, HSV2, human herpes virus (HHV 6,7,8), varicella-Zoster (“Could EveryBody Have HerpeZ?”)
Genome: dsDNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets, respiratory droplets, oral (saliva), sex
Disease: HALLMARK IS ABILITY OF VIRUS TO ESTABLISH LATENT INFECTION FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE, mononucleosis syndrome (latent in nuclei of cells of endothelium of arterial wall and T lymphocytes as in cyTo), infectious mononucleosis or Burkitt’s lymphoma or nasopharyngeal lymphoma, hairy leukoplakia (latent in B lymphocytes, B as in Barr or Burkitt’s), gingivostomatitis in children or herpes labialis “cold sore” in adults (latent in trigeminal ganglion), genital herpes (latent in sacral ganglia), HHV 8 is associated with kaposi’s sarcoma, chicken pox/shingles (latent in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia)

Question 9

Reovirus family

Answer 9

Viruses: Rotavirus (gastroenteritis virus type B), Coltiviris
Genome: dsRNA
Transmission: fecooral, tick bites
Disease: most common cause of gastroenteritis in children more mild in adults 12-24 hours intestinal flu, Colorado tick fever (John Colter of the old west > Colorado)

Question 10

RNA non-envelopes virus families

Answer 10

Picornavirus
Reovirus
Calicivirus

(Non-enveloped = naked, picorna = porn, reo = Rio de Janeiro where everyone on the beaches are naked, [Khaleesi] is always naked

Question 11

Picornavirus Family

Answer 11

Poliovirus
Coxsackie A and B
Rhinovirus
Hep A.
Echovirus/enterovirus 68-71
"Porn": Pole, Cocksack, you could get hepatitis from sex (just not hep a, except fecoorally), echo is definitely a porn star name
"Unicorn": rhino
P-Co-Rh-Nah

Coxsackie virus A causes either oral lesion herpangina (throat palate or tongue) or handfootandmouth disease (buccal mucosa or gingiva.)
Coxsackie virus B (for body) causes fever chest pain with headache, fatigue, aching muscles.

Echovirus: aseptic meningitis. Encephalitis, paralysis rash fever urt enteritis pleurisy is myocarditis.

Question 12

Calicivirus Family

Answer 12

Norovirus, sapoviruses, Hep E

Question 13

Hallmark of viral infection

Answer 13

Cytopathic effect(CPE): starts with change in cell morphology following viral infection, then marked derangement of cell function, culminates in lysis and death.
Not all viruses use this path

Question 14

DNA enveloped viruses

Answer 14

Herpes, poxvirus (poxvirus is only DNA virus that doesn’t go through transcription in nucleus), hepaDNA
(Herpes has chicken pox > poxvirus and HepaDNA)

Question 15

Retrovirus family

Answer 15

Viruses: lentivirus (HIV 1 and 2), oncovirus (HTLV 1 and 2)
Genome: 2 ssRNA+ RNA-directed DNA polymerase
Transmission:
Disease:

Question 16

Lyssavirus

Answer 16

Also known as Rabies
Family: rhabdovirus
Genome: ssRNA 
Transmission: saliva in bites
Disease: rabies

Question 17

Ebola

Answer 17

Family: filovirus
Genome: ssRNA
Transmission: blood, bodily fluid
Disease: Ebola

Question 18

SARS

Answer 18

Family: corona virus
Genome: ssRNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: severe acute respiratory syndrome

Question 19

Human papillomavirus

Answer 19

Family:papoviridae
Genome: dsDNA
Transmission: sex, mother to child at birth, , contact with warts, shared objects, blood, surgery
Disease: warts

Question 20

Poxvirus family

Answer 20

Variola (smallpox)
Vaccinia
Molluscum contagiosum
Enveloped, dsDNA

Question 21

Erythrovius

Answer 21

Family: parvovirus
Genome: dsDNA unenveloped
Transmission:
Disease: parvo

Question 22

Smallest virus

Answer 22

Polio, part of the pico viruses. Pico means small.

Question 23

Largest viruses

Answer 23

Pox viruses

Question 24

Togavirus family

Answer 24

Rubella, alpha viruses

Alpha viruses are arboviruses because they are spread by arthropod vectors

Question 25

Viruses that cross placenta

Answer 25

Rubella, herpes, hiv, cytomegalovirus