Viruses Flashcards
Hepatitis
Family: Hepatitis A - Hepatitis E
Picorna, hepadna “liver-DNA”, flavivirus, deltavirus, calicivirus- Pick His Fla. D, [Khaleesi]
Genome: All are ssRNA, except hepaDNA
Transmission: A and E are oral-anal (A and E are the top and the bottom of the list, just like oral and anal are at the top and bottom of the body), the rest are blood borne.
Disease: all in the name, Hep D requires previous infection by Hep B for infection.
Influenza
Family: orthomyxovirus "straight mucus" Genome:ssRNA Transmission: respiratory droplets Disease: influenza Only RNA virus besides retroviruses to not go through transcription in the cytoplasm.
Paramyxovirus group
Paramyxo = “With mucus”
Viruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Measles, Mumps, parainfluenza
Genome: all ssRNA-, enveloped, RSV lacks glycoproteins on envelope
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, measles (rubeola), mumps, croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis)
Measles: koplik’s spots in oral cavity, small bluish white lesions surrounded by red ring, occur opposite of molars.
Mumps: cause enlargement of parotid glands-> deafness in children or orchitis (inflammation of testes) in adults
Parainfluenza: acute respiratory disease
RSV:
Rubella
Family: togavirus Genome: ssRNA Transmission: respiratory droplets Disease: rubella Single Rubella wears a toga
Rash (flat pink spots on face which spreads to other parts of body.
Adenovirus
Family: adenovirus “gland”
Genome: dsDNA “a-DNA-virus”
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis
Adeno = glands > coughing > respiratory droplets > mucous transfer to airway, lungs, eyes
Rhinovirus
Family: Picornavirus “rhinos are like unicorns”
Genome:ssRNA “pico (little) -RNA”
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: common cold. “Rhino = nose”
HIV
Family: retrovirus
Genome: ssRNA (uses RNA to reverse transcribe DNA)
Transmission: blood, sex
Disease: AIDS
Herpesvirus Family
Virus: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), HSV-1, HSV2, human herpes virus (HHV 6,7,8), varicella-Zoster (“Could EveryBody Have HerpeZ?”)
Genome: dsDNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets, respiratory droplets, oral (saliva), sex
Disease: HALLMARK IS ABILITY OF VIRUS TO ESTABLISH LATENT INFECTION FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE, mononucleosis syndrome (latent in nuclei of cells of endothelium of arterial wall and T lymphocytes as in cyTo), infectious mononucleosis or Burkitt’s lymphoma or nasopharyngeal lymphoma, hairy leukoplakia (latent in B lymphocytes, B as in Barr or Burkitt’s), gingivostomatitis in children or herpes labialis “cold sore” in adults (latent in trigeminal ganglion), genital herpes (latent in sacral ganglia), HHV 8 is associated with kaposi’s sarcoma, chicken pox/shingles (latent in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia)
Reovirus family
Viruses: Rotavirus (gastroenteritis virus type B), Coltiviris
Genome: dsRNA
Transmission: fecooral, tick bites
Disease: most common cause of gastroenteritis in children more mild in adults 12-24 hours intestinal flu, Colorado tick fever (John Colter of the old west > Colorado)
RNA non-envelopes virus families
Picornavirus
Reovirus
Calicivirus
(Non-enveloped = naked, picorna = porn, reo = Rio de Janeiro where everyone on the beaches are naked, [Khaleesi] is always naked
Picornavirus Family
Poliovirus Coxsackie A and B Rhinovirus Hep A. Echovirus/enterovirus 68-71 "Porn": Pole, Cocksack, you could get hepatitis from sex (just not hep a, except fecoorally), echo is definitely a porn star name "Unicorn": rhino P-Co-Rh-Nah
Coxsackie virus A causes either oral lesion herpangina (throat palate or tongue) or handfootandmouth disease (buccal mucosa or gingiva.)
Coxsackie virus B (for body) causes fever chest pain with headache, fatigue, aching muscles.
Echovirus: aseptic meningitis. Encephalitis, paralysis rash fever urt enteritis pleurisy is myocarditis.
Calicivirus Family
Norovirus, sapoviruses, Hep E
Hallmark of viral infection
Cytopathic effect(CPE): starts with change in cell morphology following viral infection, then marked derangement of cell function, culminates in lysis and death. Not all viruses use this path
DNA enveloped viruses
Herpes, poxvirus (poxvirus is only DNA virus that doesn’t go through transcription in nucleus), hepaDNA
(Herpes has chicken pox > poxvirus and HepaDNA)
Retrovirus family
Viruses: lentivirus (HIV 1 and 2), oncovirus (HTLV 1 and 2)
Genome: 2 ssRNA+ RNA-directed DNA polymerase
Transmission:
Disease:
Lyssavirus
Also known as Rabies Family: rhabdovirus Genome: ssRNA Transmission: saliva in bites Disease: rabies
Ebola
Family: filovirus
Genome: ssRNA
Transmission: blood, bodily fluid
Disease: Ebola
SARS
Family: corona virus
Genome: ssRNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Disease: severe acute respiratory syndrome
Human papillomavirus
Family:papoviridae
Genome: dsDNA
Transmission: sex, mother to child at birth, , contact with warts, shared objects, blood, surgery
Disease: warts
Poxvirus family
Variola (smallpox)
Vaccinia
Molluscum contagiosum
Enveloped, dsDNA
Erythrovius
Family: parvovirus
Genome: dsDNA unenveloped
Transmission:
Disease: parvo
Smallest virus
Polio, part of the pico viruses. Pico means small.
Largest viruses
Pox viruses
Togavirus family
Rubella, alpha viruses
Alpha viruses are arboviruses because they are spread by arthropod vectors
