Viruses Flashcards
Methods of entry
Penetration, fusion, endocytosis
capsid
Outer coat composed of proteins and aids in protection, attachment and identity
Enveloped viruses
Lipid envelop surrounded by capsid, envelope acquire form host cell membrane during viral replication or release, glycoproteins spikes
Non envelop viruses
Naked viruses with only nuclei acid surrounded by a capsid
Attachment
Chemical reaction, have glycoproteins pikes, other attachment molecules that mediate attachment.
Penetration
Naked visions infect their genomes into their animal cell host
Membrane dilution
Enveloped and cell membrane dumps the capsid into the cell.
Endocytosis
Attachment of naked or enveloped virus stimulates the host cell to engulf the entire virus
Release
Enveloped viruses release via budding and naked viruses are release by exocytosis or lysis
5 steps of viral replication
Attachment, entry/uncoating synthesis, assembly, release.
Types of viral infection
Acute, latent, persistent
Latent viral infection
Dormant in host cell, prolonged for years with no activity, (herpes/cold sores and shingles.
Persistent viral infection
Occurs over a long period, generally is fatal
Culturing viruses
Living animal cells embryonic eggs, cell culture
Viral evolution
Antigen drift, antigenic shift
Antigenic drift
Small mutation over time lead to slight change of viruses
Prions characteristics
Protein across infection agents, cellular PrP protein, prion PrP, exchange and polysaccharides force PrP into cellular shape, mutation, prion diseases and only destroy by incineration or autoclaving
Characteristics of viruses
DNA or RNA not both, no metabolism, reproduces by host, culturing by animal host, embryonic eggs, culture cell, ex hep, HIV, HPV; diagnoses emidioligy, serology treatment antiviral and immune system
Steps of viral
Attachment, entry/uncoating, synthesis,assembly, release
