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BIO 112 > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_________ are microscopic organisms that can infect hosts, like humans, plants or animals?

A

Viruses

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2
Q
  1. Virions also know as single virus particles, are ______ to ______ nanometers in diameter?
  2. The capsid is made up of protein subunits called?
A
  1. 20-250
  2. Capsomeres
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3
Q
  1. Virus particles are known as_______?
  2. The outer protein shell of a virus is called_______?
  3. An enclosing structure or cover, such as a membrane is called?
A
  1. Virion
  2. Capsid
  3. Envelope
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4
Q

When are viruses said to be inactive?

A

When they are outside of host cells, but they become active within host cells

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5
Q

__________classification is the most commonly used for studying the system of virus classification?

A

Baltimore classification

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6
Q

The Baltimore classification was developed by who?
And what year?

A

It was developed by an American biologist “David Baltimore” in the 1970sp

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7
Q

Many viruses attach to their host cells with the aid of ?

A

Glycoprotein

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8
Q

What does the T4 bacteriophage use to attach to host cells?

A

The T4 bacteriophage, which infects the Escherichia coli bacterium, has a tail structure that the virus uses to attach to the host cells and a head structure which announces it’s DNA

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9
Q
  1. Adenovirus causes what kind of illness in human?
  2. Adenovirus uses what to attach to it’s host?
A
  1. Respiratory illness
  2. Glycoprotein spikes protruding from it’s capsomeres to attach to host cells
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10
Q

Examples of non envelope viruses

A

Polio(poliovirus), plantar warts(papilloma virus), and hepatitis A(hepatitis A virus)
Adenovirus is also a non envelope ANIMAL virus

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11
Q

Examples of diseases caused by viruses with envelope?

A

Chicken pox, influenza, mumps

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12
Q

Viruses are classified into how many groups based on shape?
Name them, with examples?

A

4
1. Filamentous viruses - TMV(tobacco mosaic virus)
2. Isometric viruses - poliovirus or herpers viruses
3. Enveloped viruses - Animal viruses, such as HIV
Head and tail viruses infect bacteria

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13
Q

________ viruses can be more resistant to changes in temperature, pH, and some disinfectants

A

Non enveloped viruses than enveloped viruses

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14
Q

Examples of single stranded DNA virus are?
Examples of double stranded DNA virus are?

A

SS DNA virus - Picornavirus, Parvovirus
ds DNA virus - Adenovirus, Herpes virus

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15
Q

Examples Double Stranded (ds) RNA virus are
Examples single Stranded (ds) RNA virus are

A

Reovirus
Poliovirus, Hepatitis A, Rabies Virus, influenza virus

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16
Q

When viruses are passed between plants it is called _______?
When viruses are passed from the parents to the offspring it is called______?

A

Horizontal Transmission
Vertical Transmission

17
Q

What are the symptoms of plant virus infection?

A

Malformed leaves
Black streaks on the stem
Discoloration of leaves and fruits
Ring spots

18
Q

How does the animal virus enter a host cell?
Examples of animal viruses?

A

It enters by either receptor-mediated endocytosis or by changing shape and entering the cell through the cell membrane

Influenza virus, mumps virus, rabies virus, poliovirus herpes virus

19
Q

The virus which infects bacterial cell is known as?

A

Bacteriophage
There are many varieties of bacteriophage such as DNA virus, MV-11, RNA virus,

20
Q
  1. __________ is the transmission of the virus through the air into the respiratory tract
  2. ___________ is the transmission of the virus through the contaminated water or food
  3. __________ is the transmission of the virus through the biting of infected animals, birds and insects to human
A
  1. Airborne infections
  2. Fecal oral route
  3. Zoonoses
21
Q

Give examples for the following:
1. Airborne infections
2. Fecal oral route
3. Sexually Transmitted diseases
4. Transfusion - transmitted infections
5. Zoonoses

A
  1. Swine flu, rhino virus
  2. Poliovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Rota virus
  3. Retrovirus, human papillomavirus
  4. Hepatitis B virus, HIV
  5. Rabies virus, Alpha virus, flavivirus, Ebola virus
22
Q

_________ is the method used by the majority of the viruses to reproduce

A

Lytic infection

23
Q

The overview of the lytic cycle is

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Entry/Penetration
  3. Replication/Biosynthesis
  4. Assembly
  5. Release
24
Q

Full meaning of SARS

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

25
Q

________ is a tool commonly used by molecular biologists to place genetic material into cells

A

Vector tool

26
Q

In gene therapy, the correct version of gene is introduced to human cells by using a viral vector such as?

A

Adenovirus

27
Q

_________ are viruses that lyse and kill cancer cells?

A

Oncolytic Viruses

BIO 112 (3 decks)

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