Viruses

Question 1

Regressive Hypothesis

Answer 1

The “devolution” from free-living cells

Question 2

Progressive hypothesis

Answer 2

Nuclei acid molecules “escaped” from cells

Question 3

Virus first hypothesis

Answer 3

The first self-replicating molecules

Question 4

Virion structure

Answer 4

Nucleic acid core and capsid

Other: glycoproteins, outer envelope, enzymes

Question 5

Nucleic acid core

Answer 5

DNA (double stranded or single) or RNA

Question 6

Capsid

Answer 6

Protein coating protecting the genetic material

Question 7

Capsid shape

Answer 7

Made up of capsomeres
Helical, icosahedral, complex

Question 8

Enveloped capsid structure

Answer 8

Capsid encased in lipid bilateral membrane from host cell

Question 9

Naked capsid structure

Answer 9

Lack membrane

Question 10

Virus core DNA genome

Answer 10

DNA directs the host cell to make new virus copies

Question 11

Virus core RNA genome

Answer 11

RNA meh be directly transcribed or replicated first, enzymes are used to make errors and mutate frequently

Question 12

Challenges of viruses

Answer 12

Most viruses evolved from different ancestors and no common genomic sequence.

Question 13

Classify

Answer 13

Capsid structure
Enveloped/ non-enveloped
Genomic structure

Question 14

Baltimore classification

Answer 14

Different modes of mRNA production

Question 15

Lysis

Answer 15

The cell ruptures-dies

Question 16

Apoptosis

Answer 16

Programmed self-destruction - dies

Question 17

Steps of virus infection

Answer 17

1. Attachment
2. Entry
3. Replication
4. Assembly
5. Egress

Question 18

Attachment

Answer 18

Lock and key system