Viruses Flashcards by Alexa Inman

Pox

ds DNA virus
linear DNA
special because it’s made in the cytoplasm
large, dumbbell shaped
can acquire different membranes and become double membraned

examples:
small pox
monkey pox

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small pox

eradicated due to vaccine (1977/1979)
replicates in upper respiratory tract
internal and dermal tissues
centrifugal pattern of vesicles in rash
all lesions at same stage
appear very ill

vaccine was based on cow/horse pox

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monkey pox

primates and rodents
vaccine virus protects against virus
spread through skin, saliva, feces, urine
most common in men having sex with men

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molluscum contagiosum

molluscum contagiosum occurs- benign epidermal tumors, localized infection, shiny smooth lesions, common in HIV, can also occur with monkey pox

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Herpes Viridae

latent, localized
naked, enveloped, icosahedral
dsDNA, linear
sometime oncogene (EBV)- kissing disease

HSV transported on microtubules
primarily infect sensory ganglia

examples:
alpha:
-HSV1/2
-Varicella
-Herpes Zoster
-HHV-8

beta:
CMV
HHV-6

gamma:
EBV

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HSV 1

primarily oral
alpha herpes

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HSV 1

primarily genital
alpha herpes

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tzank smear

syncytium

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cowdy type A

inclusion bodies

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varicella

chicken pox
can cause birth defects
very contagious, primary disease
respiratory route

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herpes zoster

shingles
reactivation
dermatome pattern, does not cross midline

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EBV- epstein-Barr virus

“kissing disease”
disseminated
infectious mononucleosis
epithelial, beta cells, and other lymphocytes
can be cancer causing
can cause pharyngitis or heterophile antibody

agglutination, low IgM, atypical lymphoctes, fever

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HHV-8

kaposi’s sarcoma
HIV infected people sexually transmitted

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CMV human cytomegalovirus

beta herpes
in utero
inclusion body- owl’s eye
heterophile antibody negative mononucleus

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HHV-6

beta herpes
elevated fever
saliva shedding
maculopapular rash
mostly kids/babies

fever, fever, fever, rash

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adenoviridae

naked
DNA
icosahedral
dsDNA, linear
larger
prolonged survival
in unusual clinical enviornment
occurs with crowding
respiratory, croup, laryngoteacheobranchius conjuntivitis

parvo

slapped cheek
can cause fetal harm
smallest, naked icosahedral
ssDNA

papovaviridae

naked
icosahedral
dsDNA, circular

2 branches:
-papillomavirus
-polyomavirus- HPV (16/18), gardasil vaccine

Hepadnaviridaue

icosahedral
enveloped
unique DNA, nicked partially double stranded

example Hep B

Hep B (HBV)

vaccine available
hepatocellular cancer
associated with chronic infection
some viruses are integrated or free in nucleus as episope

HBcAg- core antigen (capsid antigen)
HBeAg- breakdown product of core, active infection
HBsAg- surface antigen (neutralizing agent), can serve as decoy, released into serum of infected people

DNA viruses in human cancer

hep B- primary hepatocellular carcinoma

HPV- 16/18 cervical cancer

Human herpesvirus- 8 kaposi sarcoma

EBV- epstem barr virus
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
african burkitt’s lymphoma

latent/chronic DNA virus infection

herpes
papova
hepadna

reoviridae

dsRNA
naked
icosahedral

example:
rotovirus- fecal/oral, infants

picornaviridae

+ssRNA
naked
icosahedral

examples
-enterovirus- polio
-Hep A
-rhinovirus

poliomyelitis

type of enterovirus type of picorn virus acute illness involving meninges naturally occurring eleminated cases in NY are vaccine dervived

calciviridae

naked icosahedral larger than pico +ssRNA example norovirus- fecal oral

caliciviridae like

hep B

acute hep fecal/oral poor sanitation fatal in pregos

Togaviridae

enveloped nulceocapsids icosahedral +ssRNA Rubella arbovirus- hep C, zika, yellow fever, dengue mantaviridae rubi rubella

coronavirus

SARS- 2003 MERS-Cov- 2012 saudi arabia COVID-19 SARS COV-2 spike protein uses human ACE2 as viral receptor= efficient spread= hard to control with respiratory transmission= enveloped viruses are typically easier to control but not this one treatments: paxlovid remdsaveir monoclonal antibody treatment very sick: dysregulation of IL-6 (cytokine storm) tests: PCR and antigen vaccines: RNA- Pfizer and Moderna Adenoviral vector DNA- JJ 1st mono, now bivalent

orthomyxovirdiae (influexnaviridae)

-ssRNA 8 segments of RNA, segmented genome encode different proteins spikes-hemagglutin (H) attachement to sialic acid on host neuroanmidase (N)- release from host point mutations-> antigenic drift reassortment-> antigenic shift-> pandemics Type ABC, worse to better

paramyxovirdae

synctium formation enveloped synctium ssRNA example parainfluenza mumps- maternal antibodies can protect up to 6 mos RSV- lower respiratory tract infection, vaccine in progress

rhabdovirdiae

-ssRNA bullet shaped example rabies- enchephelitis, fatal vaccine available

unclassified RNA virus

-ssRNA Hep D can only replicate with He[ B

Retroviridae

+ssRNA 2 copies, diploid HIV

HIV

HIV structure gp120- glycoprotein attachement gp41- protein, fusion reverse transcriptase integrase protease On host: CXCR4- T cells CCR5- macrophage M tropic then T tropic people who are homozygous for deletions in CCR5 are resistant to HIV

HIV to AIDS

leads to immunosuppresion, no CD4+ leads to AIDs opportunistic infections: kaposi's sarcoma pneumocystis