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Microbiology and Parasitology (Lec) > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

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2
Q

Cause of swine flu and avian flu

A

influenza virus

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3
Q

Are there more existing antibiotic or antiviral agents?

A

more antibiotic

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4
Q

A viral infection which is likely to be eradicated in the future

A

poliovirus

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5
Q

What viral infection has already been eradicated globally?

A

smallpox

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6
Q

What are the two things that started the golden era of virology?

A

observation of virus with electron microscope and development of cell tissue culture

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7
Q

Name that viruses got after people discovered that it cannot be retained by filtration

A

filterable agents or filterable viruses

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8
Q

Virus discovery came about when the cause of ____ cannot be explained by the presence of bacteria

A

rabies

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9
Q

Earliest piece of evidence for viruses

A

hieroglyph of an Egyptian priest with poliomyelitis

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10
Q

Smallest virus which is approximately 28nm in size

A

poliovirus

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11
Q

Size of mimivirus

A

750nm

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12
Q

Refers to the protein core or coat of the virus

A

capsid

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13
Q

Is poliovirus linear or circular in its viral genome?

A

linear

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14
Q

Is hepatitis B virus linear of circular in its viral genome?

A

circular

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15
Q

How many segments does influenza have in its viral genome?

A

8 segments

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16
Q

What is the characteristics of influenza RNA in terms of sense and number of strand?

A

minus sense ss

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17
Q

How many segments/molecules does poliovirus viral genome have? What is the sense and number of strand/s of its RNA?

A

one molecule, plus sense ss

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18
Q

What is the sense of a virus whose RNA can be directly translated by the host ribosome?

A

plus sense

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19
Q

Explain how retroviruses encode their genome

A

Its RNA undergoes reverse transcription with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA. This DNA will be transcripted into mRNA which is due for translation into proteins.

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20
Q

Why is it important to consider if a genome is infectious or not when choosing a viricidal agents?

A

If the viricidal get only damages the viral capsid or envelope and not the nucleic acid, there might be an occurrence of multiplicity reactivation

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21
Q

Is poliovirus infectious or not?

A

infectious

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22
Q

Refers to the complementary reconstruction of an infectious particle by hybridization of gene pool of inactivated virus.

A

multiplicity reactivation

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23
Q

Functions to protect nucleic acid from detrimental chemical and physical conditions such as disinfection

A

viral capsid

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24
Q

Refers to subunits of viral capsids

A

capsomeres

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25
How many architectural styles/conformations can capsomeres result to?
3
26
Year when advent of virology was observed
1931
27
Contribution of Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in virology
invention of the 1st electron microscope
28
Do viruses have energy or not?
energy-less: they float around until they encounter a host cell
29
Occurs when virus takes control of the host cell’s synthetic machinery
replication
30
Purpose of glycoprotein
viral reception, important for infectivity
31
Enzyme that facilitates transcription of minus sense RNA to plus sense RNA
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
32
Nature of viral genome is important for development of antiviral treatment as it helps in ____
identifying drug targets
33
Another term for viral particle
virion
34
Capsomeres are a number of subunits of ______ chains arranged into _______
polypeptide, globular proteins
35
Exhibits geometric conformation composed of triangular phases
icosahedral
36
Conformation that resembles the shape of a spring
helical symmetries
37
Complex capsomere structure of mammalian viruses wherein a proteinaceous structure envelopes the viral genome core can be found in p_____ and r______
poxviruses and rhabdoviruses
38
Complex structure consisting of capsid head, a tail and fibres
bacteriophages (bacterial viruses)
39
Capsomeres are held together by this type of intermolecular force
non-covalent - allows release of viral genomes upon dissociation
40
Do capsomere subunits make up more of the genetic information in viral genome or formation or capsid?
more genetic information in viral genome
41
Capsomere conformations that form hexons and pentons
icosahedral capsid
42
Number of hexons and pentons that make up an adenovirus
240 hexons and 12 pentons
43
Number of hexons and pentons that make up a poliovirus
20 hexons and 12 pentons
44
What capsid shapes does influenza and mumps viruses have?
helical
45
(T/F) Viral nucleic acid of helical structures are found at the ridges on the inside of each subunit fills the core.
False, core is hollow
46
What is the result of the close association between viral nucleic acid and capsid proteins in a helical structure?
nucleic acid is damaged in the disaggregation of capsid after physical or chemical treatments
47
The viral envelope is a lipidic envelope which came from the _____
host cell
48
When is the viral envelope added to the virion?
during replication or excision of viral progeny from host cells
49
Where does the herpes simplex virus gets its envelope from?
host cell nuclear membrane
50
Where does the influenza virus gets its envelope from?
host cell cytoplasmic membrane
51
Part of the viral envelope that plays an important serological role
viral proteins
52
Do proteins on the viral envelope come from the host cell or encoded by viral genome
encoded by viral genome
53
Are viruses with viral envelopes more or less susceptible to chemical and physical conditions outside the host cell?
more susceptible
54
Do viruses with viral envelopes persist longer or shorter on organic soil, organic solvents and detergents?
longer
55
Lipids in viruses are generally _____
phospholipids
56
Virus-encoded structures responsible for viral infectivity as they recognize the host cell receptor site for viral specificity.
glycoproteins
57
Glycoproteins in bacteriophages may take the shape of _____
tail fibres
58
Systemic viral infection that causes vesicular rashes on face, arms and legs
smallpox
59
Causative agent of smallpox
variola (poxvirus)
60
Poxvirus from cowpox virus which is used to immunize against smallpox
vaccinia (poxvirus)
61
Size and structure of adenovirus
icosahedral particles, 80nm in diameter
62
Causes upper respiratory tract infection which might produce latent infections on tonsils and adenoids
adenovirus
63
Produced by adenovirus when injected on hamsters, rats or mice
tumours
64
Structure of herpesviruses
150nm, enveloped icosahedral symmetry
65
Type of herpesvirus which causes infection on oral membrane in children, >80% are infected by adolescence; after primary infection, individual retains virus DNA on trigeminal nerve ganglion and has 50% of developing into cold sores
herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1)
66
Area targeted by HSV2
genital area (causes recurrent genital herpes)
67
Herpesvirus which causes chickenpox in children
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
68
Remains dormant in any dorsal root of the CNS; release of immune control among elderly may cause reactivation which is manifested by shingles
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
69
Group where VZV belongs to
Herpesvirus
70
Structure and size of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
150nm, enveloped icosahedral symmetry
71
Acquired in childhood as a subclinical infection, 50% of adults carry the virus in dormantstate in the white blood cells
cytomegalovirus
72
On cytomegalovirus: severe diseases (e.g. pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis) may be acquired when patient is ______; primary infection during pregnancy may cause serious _______ abnormalities in fetus
immunocompromised, congenital
73
Structure of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
150nm, enveloped icosahedral symmetry
74
How does infection occur for Epstein-Barr virus?
salivary exchange
75
This virus causes an infection that is asymptomatic in children but persists in latent form in lymphocytes (WBC). Infection is delayed until adolescence which is manifested as glandular fever.
Epstein-Barr virus
76
In tropical Africa, severe infection of EBV in early life predisposes children to develop ______ (Burkitt's lymphoma)
malignant facial tumours
77
Size and structure of hepatitis B virus
42nm diameter of spherical enveloped particle enclosing a 27nm inner icosahedral capsid
78
In Southeast Asia and Africa, most children are infected thru prenatal infection while Westerners usually acquire this through blood or sexual means
hepatitis B virus
79
Strong evidence shows that HBV can progress to this type of cancer
liver cancer
80
Papilloma viruses are under this group
papovaviruses
81
Multiply on epithelial cells and mucous membrane which causes warts. Evidence associates some types of this virus to cervical carcinoma.
papilloma virus
82
(DNA/RNA virus) papilloma virus
DNA virus
83
(DNA/RNA virus) hepatitis B virus
DNA virus
84
(DNA/RNA virus) epstein-bar virus
DNA virus
85
(DNA/RNA virus) herpes simplex virus
DNA virus
86
(DNA/RNA virus) varicella zoster virus
DNA virus
87
(DNA/RNA virus) cytomegalovirus
DNA virus
88
(DNA/RNA virus) vaccinia
DNA virus
89
(DNA/RNA virus) poxviruses
DNA virus
90
(DNA/RNA virus) variola
DNA virus
91
(DNA/RNA virus) adenovirus
DNA virus
92
Structure and size of papilloma virus
50nm in diameter, naked icosahedral
93
Kissing virus
Epstein-Barr virus

Microbiology and Parasitology (Lec) (2 decks)

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