Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 2 > Virus Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Virus Lecture 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first animal virus?

A

foot and mouth disease 1898

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the first human virus?

A

yellow fever virus in 1901

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Viruses are smaller than ___, ___, & ___ ____

A

bacteria, fungus, and other microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Virus means what in greek?

A

poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vrisuses are what in nature?

A

ubiquitous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two theories of virus origin?

A

cellular and autopoietic origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is cellular origin?

A

proposes that viruses were once cellular components but over time they evolved separately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the autopoietic origin?

A

proproses that viruses, once autopoietic entities, became dependent on cells for replication?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 events of viruses in history?

A

Measles in Boston
Yellow fever in US
1918 pandemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 5 attributes of virus clasification

A 
virus particle structure
genome
replication features
serology
stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 components of particle structure for viruses

A

composition
shape
size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define nucleocapsid

A

RNA or DNA in a core that is protected by a protein coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Virus is defined by the ___ ___

A

nucleocapsid structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nucleocapsid is comprised of repeating protein subunits called

A

capsomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define envelope structure

A

virus- modified cellular membranes acquired upon exit from host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exposure to ___ solvents in the laboratory renders enveloped viruses ____

A

lipid

noninfectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enveloped viruses may have ____ with different structures

A

nucleocapsids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the smallest size of virus particle

A

18 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the largest size of virus particle

A

300 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the advantages of a large size particle?

A

Carry a lot of stuff (DNA, etc) EX: herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of large particle?

A

turnover time isn’t quick (takes a long time to replicate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What 2 types of DNA are in the genome?

A

single and double stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 types of RNA

A

double strandard and single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 types of single stranded RNA?

A

plus sense
minus sense
ambisense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define plus sense RNA

A

ready for translation

26
Q

Define minus sense RNA

A

not ready for translation

27
Q

Define ambisense RNA

A

a part is ready for translation but another part isn’t

28
Q

What are the 4 different types of structure for virus gemone

A

Linear
circular
segmented
diploid

29
Q

What are the advantages of a large genome?

A

Make more proteins

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of a large genome?

A

More things can go wrong
More time for the host to attack
Harder to replicate

31
Q

What do RNA viruses need that DNA virus do not?

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

32
Q

Virus replication process

A 
Attachment
ENtry
Transcription
Translation
Replication
Assembly
Release
33
Q

Define attachment

A

binding of a virus receptor to a cellular receptor

34
Q

What can change the cellular reception?

A

Genetic engineering

35
Q

What are the 3 cellular receptors?

A

signaling molecules
cell adhesion
transport

36
Q

how does a virus usually get into the cell?

A

cell mediated endocytosis

37
Q

do viral receptors sometimes need co-receptors?

A

Yes

38
Q

Viral receptors mimic cell receptor’s normal ligands T/F

A

FALSE

39
Q

What do the viral receptors look like on the particle surface?

A

spike like projections

40
Q

Envelope viruses like to go into the cell by what?

A

receptor penetration of plasma membrane

influenza, poliovirus, adenovirus

41
Q

What is the other pathway a virus can go into the cell by?

A

Direct penetration of plasma membrane

HIV, herpes virus, newcastle disease virus

42
Q

How is a virus different from a bacterium?

A

size

43
Q

How is a virus different from a toxin?

A

toxin doesn’t replicate

44
Q

whats serology?

A

antibody recognition

45
Q

what is required for replication features?

A

requires access to cell nucleus

46
Q

what are 2 viruses that are envelopes?

A

ebola virus and influenza

47
Q

what replication example is dsDNA rolling circle?

A

herpes virus

48
Q

what are the 2 types of DNA replication?

A

dsDNA

ssDNA

49
Q

what are the types of RNA replication?

A

(+)ssRNA

(-)ssRNA

50
Q

what do most DNA viruses need that RNA viruses do not?

A

DNA- usually needs access to nucleus

51
Q

What are some aspects of the attachment process for viruses?

A
  1. Binding of a virus receptor to a cellular receptor
  2. Cellular receptors
  3. Viral receptors
  4. Genetic engineering (can change receptor recognition)
52
Q

What are the 3 aspects of cellular receptors

A

signaling molecules
cell adhesion
transport

53
Q

what is virus tropism?

A

host range. how much can it infect

54
Q

attachment is a major determinant of ___ ___

A

virus tropism

55
Q

host range is a major factor in ____

A

eradication

56
Q

smallpox virus, what host?

A

only humans

57
Q

yellow fever, what host?

A

mosquitoes and humans

58
Q

what are the two mechanisms for non-enveloped virus entry?

A

pores: picornavirus

membrane disruption: adenovirus & reovirus

59
Q

what pathway does an enveloped virus go through?

A

membrane fusion CELL MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS (placed into an endosome)

60
Q

whats an example of enveloped virus?

A

influenza

61
Q

What are two aspects of the receptor conformational change for entry?

A

Low pH

receptor induced

Microbiology Exam 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions