Virus Interaction With Host (unfinished)

Question 1

How do viruses impact on cells

Answer 1

Damage cells directly

Question 2

Virus Mechanisms of cell damage

Answer 2

Inhibition of host cell nucleic acid synthesis – Inhibition of host cell transcription
– Inhibition of Host cell protein synthesis
– Damage to cell membranes
– Induction of apoptosis
– Altered gene expression/cellular signalling

Question 3

Results of virus infection on cell

Answer 3

-Cell death- lysis of cell
-Cytopathic changes or transformation of cell
-little effect

Question 4

How do viruses infect hosts virus routes of infection into cell

Answer 4

-Respiratory tract (e.g., rhinoviruses, influenza)
– Ingestion (rotavirus, calicivirus – viral diarrhea)
– Skin trauma (papillomavirus)
- Urogenital tract (some herpesviruses, papillomaviruses)
– Conjunctiva (herpesviruses) (eyes)

Question 5

3 systems in which virus can travel through body

Answer 5

Blood system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system

Question 6

Host defences of the body against virus

Answer 6

Physical barriers-skin, mucus, hairs, stomach acid
Resistance of cells/host to infection
Genetic resistance
Age/physiology/well being etc
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity-during infection and post recovery

Question 7

Effects of virus on hosts

Answer 7

1. Cell tissue destruction: host/foetus
2. Induce virus-induced immunopathology/ immunosuppressive. Body’s own immune system causes damage
3. Viral oncogenesis- cancer in the host
4. ^ susceptibility to other pathogens
5. Inapparent infection- undetected effects and well being of animal is being attacked- risk of this is being unaware you have virus and not treating it

Question 8

Tropism meaning