Virus fungi protozoa

Question 1

host cells

Answer 1

клетки-хозяева
Some viruses even kill host cells as part of their life cycle.

Question 2

rupture

Answer 2

разрыв, разрушение

1) Apply only gentle pressure during injection to prevent vein rupture.
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2) Fever occurs every third day due to rupture of infected red blood cells.

Question 3

the mode of action

Answer 3

механизм действия

Several studies have been conducted to explore the mode of action, effective dose and risk of adverse effects of these herbal supplements.

The mode of action of these two drugs is not fully understood.

Question 4

precautions

Answer 4

меры предосторожности

Yet people often don’t take simple precautions.

Events or conditions listed as precautions should be reviewed carefully.

Question 5

What are the most common protozoal pathogens?

Answer 5

Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis carinii

Question 6

How can people be infected with malaria?

Answer 6

Malaria occurs in significant numbers of travellers coming back from countries where malaria is endemic.

Question 7

Why is it difficult to treat malaria?

Answer 7

Drugs effective against one stage in the life cycle are ineffective at other stages

Question 8

What drugs are used to treat malaria? What are their mechanisms of action?

Answer 8

Quinine and chloroquine. Chloroquine inhibits digestion of haemoglobin by the parasite and both drugs inhibit the disposal of haem, which is toxic to the parasite. Halofantrine is another antimalarial drug that is being used more now that resistance to chloroquine and quinine has developed

Question 9

What measures should be taken to prevent malaria?

Answer 9

Drugs for prophylaxis prevent infection of red blood cells. Treatment should begin one or two weeks before travelling to areas where malaria is endemic and be continued for at least four weeks after returning. No form of malaria prophylaxis is completely effective and other precautions should be taken. However, should an infection occur the symptoms are usually less severe.

Question 10

What danger can toxoplasmosis bring?

Answer 10

Infection during pregnancy can be a cause of abortion or neurological damage in the foetus