Virus Chart Flashcards
Poliovirus
- Genetic Information:*
- Major Disease:*
- Transmission:*
- Diagnosis:*
- Basics of Pathogenesisi:*
- Vaccines:*
- Anti-viral Therapy:*
- Long-term Consequences:*
(picornaviridae family)
+ ss RNA
Poliomyelitis
fecal-oral
sequencing by RT-PCR by the CDC
Vireia, invasion of the CNS, lytic destruction of anterior horn cells
Live-attenuated oral, killed-virus inection
NO anti-viral therapy
Long-lived protective immunity or paralysis
Coxsackie Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesisi:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(picornaviridae)
+ SS RNA
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Fecal-oral
Clinical diagnosis or RT-PCR
Viremia, target skin, cell death
No vaccines
No anti-viral therapy
Long-lived protective immunity
D68
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
+ ss RNA
Respiratory infection
Respiratory and contact with contaminated surfaces
PCR and/or isolate virus and culture for cytopathic effect
Viremia –> RTI
No vaccines
Pleoconaril (severe cases)
Long-lived protective immunity
Hep A Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(pico family)
+ ss RNA
Hepatitis
fecal-oral
IgM serology by antibody capture
Viremia, target liver
Killed Virus Vaccine
(vaccine during prodrone period of infection)
Long-lived protective immunity
Rotavirus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Reovirus family)
DS Segmented RNA
Diarrhea (#1)
Fecal Oral
Viral antigen in stoll detected by EIA
Local replication, enterotoxin production
2 Vaccines: Rotateq and Rotaric
No anti-viral therapy
Short-term immunity, less severe re-infection
Noroviruses (norwalk)
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Calicivirus family / norwalk)
+ ss RNA
Diarrhea
fecal-oral
RT-PCR by film array
Lysis and shedding of epithelial cells
No vaccines
No anti-viral therapy
Type specific immunity
Influenza Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Orthomyxovirus)
- RNA, segmented enveloped
“The flu”
Respiratory
Film array RT-PCR assay
Local replication in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
2: Life-attenuated and killed-virus
Amantidine, neuroaminidase inhibitors
Annual reinfection due to antigenic shift and drift
Rhinoviruses
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Pico)
+ RNA
common cold
Respiratory
film array RT-PCR assay
Lytic replication in the respiratory epithelium
no vaccines
no anti-viral therapy
type-specific immunity
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(paramyxovirus family)
- ss RNA, enveloped
Severe lower respiratory tract infection in children
Respiratory
Film array RT-PCR assay
Local replication in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
Vaccines-preventative monoclonal antibody, palivizumab
No anti-viral therapy
short-term immunity; less severe re-infection
Parainfluenza Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(paramyxovirus)
-ss RNA, enveloped
Croup
Respiratory
Clinical Dx, RT-PCR
Local rep in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
NO vaccines
TX: glucocorticoids for severe cases
short-term immunity
Mumps Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Paramyxovirus)
- ss RNA, enveloped
Mumps
Respiratory (befor the parotitis)
Clinical dx, confirmed by serology or sequencing performed by public health dept
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia, targeting parotid gland
Vaccine: Live-attenuated / MMR
No therapy
Long-term immunity
Rubella Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Togavirus Group)
+ ss RNA, enveloped
dz: rubella, german measles (congenital rubella syndrome)
Respiratory, mother to fetus (torches infection)
dx: serology
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia, rash
Live-atenuated vaccine / MMR
No therapy
Long-term immunity, congenital rubella syndrome
Parvovirus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
ss DNA
Erythemia infectiosums (5th disease) / slap rash / tOrches infection
Respiratory
Clinical dz, serology or PCR of serum from aplastic crisis
Replicates in erythroid precursor nuclei
NO vaccines
Tx: IV-IG for aplastic crisis in immunocomp pt
Long-term immunity
HIV:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
+RNA lentivirus
progress to AIDS
Mother to child (torcHes), transfusion, IVDA, sexual
Srology + confirmation by western blot; RT-PCR for viral load in response to HAART; sequencing to look fordrug resistance
Depletion of CD4+ T cells
NO vaccine
HAART - mutiple RT-inhibitors and protease inhibitors
Suseptability to opportunisitic infections, progression to AIDS, death
Herpes Simplex Virus 1:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Cold sores, encephalitis
Contact
clinical pres or PCR from infected tissue
Replicated in epithelia, latenti in trigeminal ganglia, reactivation
no vaccines
acyclovir and priteliver
Latent infection with recurrence
Herpes Simplex Virus II
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA enveloped
Genital lesions, Neonatal herpes
Contact
Clinical presentation, PCR of infected tissue, culture virus from lesion
Replicated in epithelia, latent in sacral ganglia, reactivation
No vaccines
Tx: acyclovir, Priteliver
Latent infection w/recurrence, neonatal death or neurological impairment or death
Varicella-Zostar Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Chicken pox/shingles
Respiratory
Clinical presentation
Replicated in respiratory epithelium, viremia, rash, latenti in dorsal root ganglia, reaccurence as shingles can occur
Live-attenuated
Acylovir
Latent infection with reacurrence as shingles
Epstein-Barr Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
Respiratory, saliva
Monospot (heterophile Ab) and/or serology for IgM to VCA
Replicated and latent in B cells
No vaccines
No TX
Latent infection with sporadic shedding, burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cytomegalovirus (CMV):
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Post-transplant pneumonia, neonatal CMV (tOrches)
Contact - saliva, secretions, mother to newborn
PCR, serology, histology
Infects epithelium, cell proliferation, latency in T cells, macrophages and other cells, sporadic shedding
No vaccine
Tx: ganciclvir, letermovir
Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Roseola, exanthem subitum
Respiratory
Clinical Presentation
Sudden onset of fever, fever resolves THEN red rash appears, latency in T cells
NO vaccine
NO treatment
Latent infection
Human Herpes Virus 8:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, enveloped
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Sexual contact
Clincal presentaiton and PCR
T cells control infection, activation occurs during immunosuppression
NO vaccine
NO tx
Sarcoma lesions in AIDS patients unless treated with HAART
Papilloma Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA
Warts, cervical CA
contact
Clinical presentation, hybridization/pap smear
Virus production associated with cell differentiation
Virus-like particle vaccine
No anti-viral therapy
Type 16, 18, 31 cervical CA
Hepatitis B Virus
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
Partial dsDNA, enveloped
Hepatitis
Mother to child, transfusion, IVDA, sexual
Serology by antibody capture
Viremia, targeting of the liver, persists in cells
Subunit vaccine
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Hepatocellular CA
Hepatitis C Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
+ss RNA, enveloped
Hepatitis
Transfusion, IVDA, contact with blood
RT-PCR, sequencing for genotype, serology
Viremia, targeting of hte liver, persistant infection
No vaccine
Direct acting anti-virals (DAAs)
Hepatocellular CA
Hepatitis Delta Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
ss RNA viroid, enveloped
Fulminant Hepatitis (esp in preg. women)
Mother to child, transfusion, IVDA, sexual
serology by antibody capture
Co-infection with HBV (MUST), viremia, targeting of the liver, fulminant disease
HBV subunit vaccine
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Chronic hepatitis or death
Hepatitis E Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
+ RNA
Hepatitis (developing world)
Fecal-Oral
Serology or RT-PCR by the public health dept
Viremia, targeting the liver
NO vaccine
NO anti-viral TX
Long-lived immunity, high mortality during preg
Yellow Fever Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Flavivirus group)
+ ss RNA, enveloped
Yellow Fever
Mosquito Bite (w/urban cycle)
Clinical dx, confirmation by serology by PHD
Viremia, extensive replication and cell death in liver
Vaccine: Live-attenuated
No anti-viral tx
Long-term immunity or death
Dengue Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Flavivirus)
+ ss RNA
Hemorrhagic Fever/Break Bone Fever
Mosquito bite
ELISA for NS1, serology or RT-PCR
Immunopathogenesis causing fever and rash
NO vaccine
NO tx
Antibody dependent enhancement of disease if infected with another serotype
West Nile Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(flavivirus)
+SS RNA, enveloped
Encephalitis, meningitis
Mosquito Bite
RT-PCR and serology
Viremia, CNS infection
NO vaccine
NO anti-viral TX
Immunity or death (more neurologic dz in the elderly)
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(flavivirus)
+ss RNA, enveloped
Encephalitis
Mosquito bite
PT-PCR, serology
Viremia, CNS infection
NO vaccine
NO tx
Long-term immunity or death (rare)
Chikugunya Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Togavirus)
+ ss RNA, enveloped
Chikugunya fever, myalgias, arthralgias
Insect vector
Serology or PT-PCR by the pHD
Viremia, polyarthralgia, rash
NO vaccine
NO tx
Polyarthralgia can last weeks-months; recovery
EEE, WEE, VEE (equine encephalitis):
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(togavirus)
+ SS RNA, enveloped
Encephalitis
Mosquito bite
Serology, RT PCR by PHD
Viremia, CNS infection
vaccine made for horses only
NO tx
Long-term immmunity or death
California Encephalitis Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Bunyavirus)
-/+ Segmented RNA, enveloped
Encephalitis
Mosquito bite
Serology
Viremia, CNS infection
NO vaccine
NO tx
Long-term immunity
Colorado Tick Fever Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(reovirus)
DS segmented RNA
fever and rash
tick bite
serology by the PHD
Viremia, inflammation and rash, recovery
NO vaccine
NO tx
Long-term immunity
Hantanvirus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(bunyavirus)
-/+ segmented RNA, enveloped
Pulmonary sundrome
Inhalation of secretions from infected animals
Serology by PHD
Viral replication in respiratory tract, inflammtion, pneumonia
NO vaccine
NO anti-viral therapy
Long-term immunity and latency
Ebolavirus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(FILOvirus)
-SS RNA, enveloped
Hemorrhagic fever
Direct contact with blood or body fluids
RT-PCR from seralogy
Viremia, replication in all cells, cell death, organ failure
NO vaccine
Supportive care, non-FDA approved specific ab
Long-term immunity, persistant infection or death
Coronavirus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
+ SS RNA
common cold, gastroenteritis, SARS, MERS
Respiratory, fecal-oral
Film array PCR
Local replication and cell death
NO vaccine
NO anti-viral tx
Pandemic potential of emerging viruses like SARS and MERS, type specific immunity
Adenoviruses:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
DNA, naked
Multiple UR syndromes, conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Respiratory
Film array PCR
Replication in epithelial cless, viremia
Live-attenuated (for military only)
NO anti-viral TX
long-term immunity
Smallpox Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(poxvirus)
DNA enveloped
smallpox
Respiratory
Clinical Dx
viremia and rash
Live-attenuated vaccine
NO anti-viral TX
Eradicated, candidate vaccine vector
Rabies Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(Rhabdovirus)
- ss RNA, enveloped
Rabies
Bite or contact with secretions from racoon, skunk or bat
Detection of viral antigens in the brain; RT-PCR for genotype
Replication in muscle, spread from nerves to brain
Vaccine: Killed-virus
Anti-rabies Ig post-exposure, no therapy on onset
Molluscum Contagiosum:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(poxvirus)
DNA enveloped
Molluscum contagiosum
Contact
Clinical dx from pearl-like lesions
Painless lesions that take months to resolve
NO vaccine
NO anti-viral tx
Long-term immunity, persistant in AIDS patients
Measles Virus:
Genetic Information:
Major Disease:
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Basics of Pathogenesis:
Vaccines:
Anti-viral Therapy:
Long-term Consequences:
(paramyxovirus)
- ss RNA, envloped
Measles
Respiratory
Clinical, confirmed by serology or sequencying perfomred by PHD
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia and rash
Vaccine: live-attenuated, MMR with boosters
NO anti-viral therapy
Long-term immunity, rare SSPE
