Virus and Bacteria Flashcards
What protein case encases the genetic material of a virus?
Capsid
What is a double stranded genetic material that is contained in some viruses?
DNA
What is a single stranded genetic material that is present in some viruses?
RNA
What is the pathway in which a virus lies dormant within a cell for a period of time before beginning its reproductive cycle?
Lysogenic cycle
What is the cycle of viral replication in which this causes the host cell to burst open? (in a short time)
Lytic cycle
What is a virus that can no longer contains it’s genetic material?
Viroids
What is a virus that attacks bacteria?
Bacteriophage
What is an injection given to produce immunity to a viral/deadly disease?
Vaccine
Which cells allow the body to react faster to an infection if it has been exposed to the pathogen more than once?
Antibody
What is an Organism that causes disease? (could be virus or bacteria or parasite)
Pathogen
Viruses are considered non-living because they cannot ____________ without the help of a host cell …
Reproduce
What is a virus with RNA as its genetic material?
Retrovirus
Compared to bacteria, viruses are much _____________________ in size
Smaller
What is a host cell that has viral genetic material incorporated into it’s DNA?
Prophage
What is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or organelles?
Prokaryote
What are the smallest and most common microorganisms?
Bacteria
Of the two bacterial kingdoms, which is the kingdom that is more closely related to eukaryotes?
Eubacteria
What are the most ancient organisms and live in harsh environments?
Archaebacteria
What is a Bacteria cell walls that contain peptidoglycan? (gram positive & it stains this colour)
Purple
What gram negative cells stain this colour?
Pink
What is Peptidoglycan that can be found in this structure in Eubacteria?
The Cell Wall
What part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exits the bacterium/cell?
Cell membrane
What is some bacterium that are propelled/move with this structure?
Flagella
What is a random change in DNA of bacteria?
A Mutation
What is a bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen?
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteria plays a major role in the “fixation”
What of this gas can form into usable by plants?
Nitrogen
What is spiral-shaped bacteria is called?
Spirilla
What is Rod-Shaped bacteria is called?
Bacilli
What is Spherical bacteria is called?
Cocci
What bacteria is used organic chemicals for their energy source and organic compounds for their Carbon Source?
Chemo Heterothroph
What bacteria uses light for their energy source and use CO2 for their carbon source?
Photoautotroph
What must live in the presence of oxygen to live?
Obligate Aerobes
What bacteria must live in the absence of oxygen?
Obligate Anaerobes
_____ compounds are used by chemoautotrophs for a source of energy
Inorganic
What is the process of producing energy without the use of oxygen? (It’s how alcohol is produced for various drinks)
Fermentation
What enables bacteria to exchange genetic information through the production of a cytoplasmic bridge?
Conjugati
What small circular piece of DNA is transferred during conjunction?
Plasmid
Asexual reproduction of bacteria: what the daughter cells produced are equal in size to …
Binary Fission
What is formed to allow a bacteria to survive in harsh conditions and that can grow and reproduce when conditions become for favourable?
Endospore
What is used to treat bacterial infections?
Antibiotics
What is the simplest way preventive measure to avoid diseases?
Disinfectant
What is something that kills microorganisms that are on the skin or living tissue?
Antiseptic
What is best used to kill bacteria on non-living surfaces?
Disinfectant
What are bacterial strains/where antibiotics are used too frequently and no longer effective?
Antibiotic Resistance
Compared to viruses bacteria are much ______ in size
Larger
