VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards
Which of the following can best be described as developing applications by using a service provider’s development tools and infrastructure?
a. hosted application
b. hosted networking
c. hosted platform
d. hosted infrastructure
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. With hosted applications, or software as a service (SaaS), customers pay for the use of applications, not for tools to develop applications.
b. Incorrect. Hosted networking, or networking as a service, is a set of network services, such as VPN, that are provided by a third party.
c. Correct. Hosted platform, or platform as a service (PaaS), allows customers to build applications with the service provider’s tools and infrastructure.
d. Incorrect. Hosted infrastructure, or infrastructure as a service (IaaS), allows companies to use the provider’s storage, virtual servers, virtual networks, and other infrastructure.
Which of the following is a partial copy of a VM that contains changes made since the VM was created?
a. incremental backup
b. virtual disk
c. load balancing
d. snapshot
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. An incremental backup is a backup scheme that copies files that have not changed since the last incremental or full backup.
b. Incorrect. A virtual disk is a file on a physical disk that simulates a physical disk.
c. Incorrect. Load balancing is a process that allows multiple servers to act as one server for the purpose of sharing the processing load.
d. Correct. A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM that contains changes made since the VM was created.
What can be defined as software that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment?
a. host computer
b. hypervisor
c. snapshot
d. guest OS
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. The host computer is a physical computer on which VM software is installed and
VMs run.
b. Correct. The hypervisor is the part of virtualization software that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment and allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources.
c. Incorrect. A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM that contains changes made since the VM was created.
d. Incorrect. The guest OS is the operating system installed in a VM.
You have been assigned the task of consolidating servers in your datacenter so you can reduce the number of physical servers and make better use of the processing power of some of the newer rackmount servers your company has purchased. What technology should you use to accomplish this?
a. bare-metal virtualization
b. type 2 hypervisor
c. containers
d. Windows Sandbox
Analysis:
a. Correct. Bare-metal virtualization is the best solution for server consolidation.
b. Incorrect. A type 2 hypervisor is hosted virtualization and is not well-suited for server consolidation.
c. Incorrect. Containers are best used for application virtualization, not server virtualization.
d. Incorrect. Windows Sandbox provides a temporary isolated environment in which to run an application; it does not virtualize servers.
If you want your virtual machine to have direct access to the physical network, which virtual network option should you configure in VMware Workstation?
a. bridged
b. NAT
c. host-only
d. internal
Analysis:
a. Correct. Bridged networking allows a computer to have direct access to the physical network.
b. Incorrect. With NAT networking, the host computer translates each packet sent and received by VMs and does not provide direct physical network access.
c. Incorrect. A host-only network does not provide any access by VMs to the physical network.
d. Incorrect. An internal network does not provide any access by VMs to the physical network.
Which of the following is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS?
a. snapshot
b. guest OS
c. host computer
d. virtual machine
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM.
b. Incorrect. The guest OS is the operating system running on a VM.
c. Incorrect. The host computer is the physical computer on which a hypervisor is installed.
d. Correct. A virtual machine is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS.
Which virtualization technology virtualizes an application environment but shares parts of the host OS?
a. type 2 hypervisor
b. containers
c. vSphere
d. IaaS
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. A type 2 hypervisor virtualizes the hardware of a computer on which a new OS is installed, separate from the host OS.
b. Correct. A container is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from much of the rest of the operating system and other applications; however, parts of the host OS, such as the kernel, are shared among containers.
c. Incorrect. vSphere is a type 1 hypervisor product from VMware.
d. Incorrect. IaaS, or hosted infrastructure, allows companies to use the provider’s storage, virtual servers, virtual networks, and other infrastructure.
Which of the following is true about bare-metal virtualization?
a. It supports a wider variety of guest OSs than hosted virtualization.
b. It uses the host OS to access hardware.
c. It uses a type 1 hypervisor.
d. VMware Workstation Player is an example.
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. Bare-metal virtualization typically supports fewer guest OSs than hosted virtualization.
b. Incorrect. Bare-metal virtualization does not use the host OS to access hardware.
c. Correct. Bare-metal virtualization uses a type 1 hypervisor.
d. Incorrect. VMware Workstation Player is an example of hosted virtualization, not bare-metal virtualization.
Which virtual network configuration shares an IP address with the host computer?
a. bridged
b. NAT
c. host-only
d. LAN segment
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. Bridged networking provides direct access by VMs to the physical network without sharing an IP address with the host.
b. Correct. With NAT networking, VMs share an IP address with the host computer so the VMs can get access to the external network.
c. Incorrect. With host-only networking, the VMs do not share an IP address with the host and they can only communicate with each other or with the host.
d. Incorrect. A LAN segment virtual network, or private network, only allows VMs to communicate with other VMs on the same LAN segment. They are isolated from the host.
Which Hyper-V virtual switch configuration is isolated from the host computer?
a. external
b. NAT
c. internal
d. private
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. An external switch configuration allows VMs to access the physical network, including the host computer’s network.
b. Incorrect. A NAT network allows VMs to access the host network by sharing an IP address with the host.
c. Incorrect. An internal network allows VMs to communicate with the host computer.
d. Correct. A private network isolates VMs from the host computer.
You have two Hyper-V hosts, each running three VMs. You want to be able to periodically perform maintenance operations on the hosts without losing the services provided by the VMs. You also want to maintain VM operation in the event of a host failure. You don’t have shared storage between the hosts. What is the best way to accomplish this?
a. Export the VMs.
b. Implement load balancing.
c. Enable replication.
d. Use vMotion.
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. Exporting VMs makes a full copy of the VMs but does not allow VM operation in the event of a host failure because the copied VMs would be outdated and would need to be imported to another host before they could be used.
b. Incorrect. Load balancing is not a feature used for maintaining VM operation in the event of host failure.
c. Correct. Replication can maintain VM operation during host maintenance or host failure. With VM replication, the VM is synchronized with a duplicate VM on another host that can be put into service immediately.
d. Incorrect. vMotion requires shared storage among the hosts.
Which feature provided by some virtualization products allows you to move a VM to a new host computer while the VM is running?
a. live migration
b. snapshots
c. VM cloning
d. dynamic provisioning
Analysis:
a. Correct. Live migration allows a VM to be moved to a new host while the VM is running. Live migration is called vMotion on VMware and requires shared storage.
b. Incorrect. A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM that allows you to revert the VM to a previous state.
c. Incorrect. VM cloning copies a VM for the purpose of creating a new VM with a similar configuration.
d. Incorrect. Dynamic provisioning is a feature that allows VMs, storage, and other resources to be allocated on demand.
Which of the following are reasons to use bare-metal virtualization? (Choose all that apply.)
a. retiring old hardware
b. reusing older computers
c. reducing cooling
d. reclaiming floor space
Analysis:
a. Correct. Retiring old hardware is a reason to use bare-metal virtualization.
b. Incorrect. You typically retire old computers, not reuse them, when implementing bare-metal virtualization.
c. Correct. Reducing cooling by server consolidation is a reason to use bare-metal virtualization.
d. Correct. Reclaiming floor space by server consolidation is a reason to use bare-metal virtualization.
Which feature of some virtualization products allows you to deploy VMs and storage as needed and has uses in cloud computing?
a. live migration
b. snapshots
c. VM cloning
d. dynamic provisioning
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. Live migration allows a VM to be moved to a new host while the VM is running.
b. Incorrect. A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM that allows you to revert the VM to a previous state.
c. Incorrect. VM cloning copies a VM for the purpose of creating a new VM with a similar configuration.
d. Correct. Dynamic provisioning is a feature that allows VMs, storage, and other resources to be allocated on demand, and it is often used in cloud computing applications like IaaS.
Which virtualization product uses a Web browser to manage the host and VMs?
a. Hyper-V
b. VMware vSphere
c. VMware Workstation Player
d. Oracle VirtualBox
Analysis:
a. Incorrect. Hyper-V uses Hyper-V Manager to manage the host and VMs.
b. Correct. VMware vSphere uses a Web browser to manage the host and VMs.
c. Incorrect. VMware Workstation Player uses a locally running application to manage VMs.
d. Incorrect. Oracle VirtualBox uses a locally running application to manage VMs.
