Virology past questions Flashcards
1
Q
Polyomavirus causes latent infections
A
FALSE
2
Q
Adenovirus causes enteritis in mammals/birds
A
FALSE
3
Q
The morphology of Adenovirus?
A
- medium-sized
- non-enveloped (without outer lipid bilayer) viruses
- icosahedral nucleocapsid
- dsDNA
4
Q
What type of virus is Varicella Viruses?
A
Herpesvirales (alpha)
5
Q
Pox virus causes skin lesions
A
TRUE
6
Q
Capripox cause skin lesions
A
TRUE
7
Q
What type of virus is Hepadnviridae – VtRT – ?
A
DNA virus
8
Q
The morphology of Circoviridae?
A
- circular ssDNA
- 20nm icosahedral capsid
- non enveloped
9
Q
Parvo causes enteritis
A
TRUE
10
Q
How is the transmission of Birnaviridae?
A
By contact
11
Q
Rotavirus causes neonatal enteritis
A
TRUE
12
Q
What is the host of Teschovirus?
A
Pigs
13
Q
What does Parechovirus cause?
A
Enteritis - inflammation of small intestine
14
Q
Dicistroviridae is a virus of honey bees
A
TRUE
15
Q
Avastrovirus causes what in chickens?
A
Nephritis – inflammation of the kidney
16
Q
How is rabbit haemorrhagic disease transmitted?
A
Direct contact with infected animal or fomite(nonliving object capable of carrying infectious organisms)
17
Q
Border disease causes abortion in sheep
A
TRUE
18
Q
Arteriviridae affect stallions
A
TRUE
19
Q
The Influenza host(avian)?
A
Wild water birds
20
Q
The surface protein of Influenza?
A
Hemagglutinin
21
Q
Parainfluenza virus 3 infects?
A
cattle, sheep – “shipping fever”
22
Q
What type of virus is canine distemper virus?
A
Morbillivirus
23
Q
Cowpox/pseudocowpox is zoonotic
A
TRUE
24
Q
Herpes virus is an arbovirus(transmitted by insects)
A
FALSE
25
What does herpesvirus cause?
Disease, lesions
26
How is ephemerovirus transmitted?
By mosquito
27
Nairovirus is an arbovirus
TRUE
28
What lesions does a retrovirus cause?
Lesions in skin and brain
29
TSE(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) affect mainly cattle/minks/cats
TRUE
30
Prions are resistant to proteases
TRUE
31
Name of TSEs(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) in sheep?
Scrapie
32
African horse sickness is caused by which virus?
Orbivirus
33
Genera of the Picornaviridae are?
Entro-, Tescho-, Hepato-, Avihepato-, Tremo-, Cardio-, Aphtho-, Erbo-, Parecho-, Kobuvirus
34
Alphaviruses:
A) Transmitted by ticks
B) May be zoonotic
C) Only present in America
D) Do not show cross reaction
B) May be zoonotic
35
Torovirus can cause?
Chicken, swine and human gastroenteritis
36
Reservoir host of mamastrovirus?
Human, mammals and verterbrates
37
Human and bovine pathogen viruses are found in the:
A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Gamma
A) Alpha
38
Prion pathogens does not contain?
Nucleic acid - proteins
39
Animals are susceptible to:
A) Mumps
B) Measles
C) Influenza 1
C) Influenza 1
40
Affinity chromatography uses?
Separating biochemical mixtures, adsoption of viruses, rinsing
41
Lesions caused by Pox on CAM embryonic egg are called?
Vesicular
42
Which disease was recently eradicated from earth?
Rinderpest
43
Kidney lesions in chickens are caused by?
Avastrovirus
44
How did virus get its name?
A scientist used a filter that had smaller pores than bacteria, and found out that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent. He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing, but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles, he called it a contagium vivum fluidum (soluble living germ) and re-introduced the word virus.
45
Prions causes what in sheep?
Scrapie, TSE's
46
How is airborne viruses contracted?
Via the respiratory tract
47
The host of Hantavirus?
Rodents
48
What is given name for goose disease?
Goose parvovirus – Derzsy’s disease
49
Adeno and orthomyxo viruses, name disease for calves
Pneumoenteritis for calves(Influenza)
50
What does Aujesky disease cause in canines?
Lethal CNS disease(deadly encephalitis)
51
True/False on immunosuppression:
Leakaemia
Lymphocytes
Enterocytes
Encephalomyelitis
Leakaemia TRUE
Lymphocytes FALSE
Enterocytes TRUE
Encephalomyelitis TRUE
52
What virus is propagated in Chorio Allantoin?
Pox-, herpesvirus
53
What is eclipse?
Specific, depends on the nucleic acids that the virus contains- expression of genetic information, transcription, translation and nucleic acid replication – a step in virus multiplication.
54
What is it called when virus enters the blood?
Viremia
55
Genetic part of virion?
DNA/RNA
56
The role of Rdrp in retrovirus?
Replication of RNA
57
How do bacteriophage get into host cell?
Penetration
58
What is prions?
Prions are proteins that reproduce on their own and become infectious
59
Virions always contain lipids
FALSE
60
Virions with quasihelical nucleocapsid are enveloped
TRUE
61
Virions with icosahedral capsid are never enveloped
FALSE
62
Pleomorphic viruses may not have nucleocapsid
TRUE
63
Please mark which statement is true:
A) Mutations are more frequent in cellular organisms than in viruses
B) The effects of mutations are always advantageous for the viruses
C) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus
D) Mutant viruses cannot be used as vaccine strains
C) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus
64
How do we call the process when the antigenic structure of a virus suddenly changes due to reassortment?
Antigenic shift
65
Polyomaviruses may cause persistant infections in kidney cells
TRUE
66
Papillomaviruses often cause encephalitis and diarrhea in swine
FALSE
67
Serological cross-reactions may occur between adenovirus species within the same genus
TRUE
68
Atadenovirses may cause disease in birds
TRUE
69
Please mark which statement is true
The Aujeszky’s disease is caused by the:
A) Suid herpesvirus type 1
B) Canid herpesvirus type 2
C) Porcine parvovirus type 1
D) Porcine circovirus type 2
A) Suid herpesvirus type 1
70
Which virus family contains viruses with positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome and helical capsid?
Coronaviridae
71
What virus cause abortions?
Varicellovirus, Orbivirus, Flavivirus, Equine arteritis virus, Phlebovirus
72
How does the enveloped virus enter the cell?
Membrane fusion
73
Virus can only propagate in living cells
TRUE
74
What disease is caused in hen by astrovirus?
"White chicks" condition
75
What kind of theories of the origin of viruses are there?
1. Cell degeneration
| 2. Cell autonomy
76
Which of the following is direct virus detection?
Virus isolation: EM, IF, NA hybridisation, HA
77
Where do you inject Blue tongue virus?
Intravenously into embryonated hen egg
78
Which area of the embryonate egg do we use for haemagglutination test?
Allantoic fluid
79
What does a ‘medium’ contain?
Salts, amino acids, carbohydrates, indicator, antibiotics and antimimetikum
80
What is Trypsin-EDTA used for?
Digestion between the cells of in vitro tissue culture
81
Are there cancer cell cell cultures?
Yes, aneuploid cell culture
82
What is a buffy coat?
White blood cell culture
83
Virus extraction methods?
1. Freezing-thawing three times
2. Ultrasound
3. Detergent
84
With what is virus concentration by precipitation possible?
Ammonium sulphate, PEG, alcohol
85
Are there definitely lipids in virions?
Definitely not, because they are found in the external layer/envelope
86
Are quasi helical viruses always enveloped?
Yes
87
What is characteristic of complex viruses?
No capsomere, complete symmetry (pox virus)
88
Pleomorph viruses have no nucleocapsid
True
89
What can we label Nucleic acid hybridisation samples with?
Isotopes or enzymes
90
What can we show with PCR?
Nucleic acids
91
What is needed for sequencing?
Primer, template, deoxynucleotides and marked dideoxynucleotides
92
What cells are formed with the fusion of myeloma and B-cells?
Tetraploid hybrid cells
93
Non-structural proteins do not integrate into the virion
TRUE
94
What is budding?
A type of enveloped virus release
95
Are mutations only a disadvantage?
No, they can be advantageous
96
Can the external environment influence mutation?
Yes
97
Where are there more mutations?
there are 10^9 in cells and 10^3 in DNA viruses 10^3 so there are more in RNA viruses
98
With mutation, can species-specificity change?
Yes
99
Are clutters thanks to/as a result of Interleukins?
No
100
Is autointerference autoimmune?
No
101
What is the reception of structural proteins?
Mixing of phenotypes
102
Do two attenuated vaccines activate each other?
Yes
103
Does intramolecular recombination only happen in DNA viruses?
No
104
What causes cell cracking?
Depolarisation of the cytoskeleton
105
How can you send samples?
Via courier, with exact legible details, +4°C, exact address
106
What vectors spread rabbit haemorrhage fever?
Mosquitoes
107
What infects bees?
1. Dicistroviridae (Aparavirus: acute paralysis, acute Israeli paralysis, Kashmar paralysis, Cripavirus: black mother-pearl virus)
2. Iflaviridae family (larvae cystic and wing deformity virus)
108
What form does herpes latency appear as in the nucleus?
Episome (ganglion, gland, macrophage, lymphocyte)
109
All Bunyaviridae are arboviruses
FALSE
110
After taking samples, the samples have to be sent to the lab within how many hours?
Usually 24 hours (leukocytes: 6 hours)
111
When are swab samples used?
With body fluid sample
112
When can mutations happen?
During viral eclipse
113
Are there any immune response during tolerated infections?
No
114
```
Experimental animals can be used to spread viruses for:
Diagnostic purposes
Vaccine production
Vaccine control/checks
Cell line production
```
TRUE - Diagnostic purposes
TRUE - Vaccine production
TRUE - Vaccine control/checks
FALSE - Cell line production
115
With Cell culture passage:
We can keep up/maintain breeding
We can increase the quantity of cell breeding/cultures
We can remove contaminated viruses
We can remove tumour cells
TRUE - We can keep up/maintain breeding
TRUE - We can increase the quantity of cell breeding/cultures
FALSE - We can remove contaminated viruses
FALSE - We can remove tumour cells
116
The polymerase chain-reaction contains:
Sample (virus) DNA
Temperature resistant (Taq) DNA polymerase
Virus-specific oligonucleotide primers
Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies
TRUE - Sample (virus) DNA
TRUE - Temperature resistant (Taq) DNA polymerase
TRUE - Virus-specific oligonucleotide primers
FALSE - Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies
117
Disinfectants:
Always damage the viral nucleic acid
Only act against enveloped viruses
Can be used in the environment or outer/external cover
Occasionally toxic or corrosive
FALSE- Always damage the viral nucleic acid
FALSE - Only act against enveloped viruses
TRUE - Can be used in the environment or outer/external cover
TRUE - Occasionally toxic or corrosive
118
TRUE/FALSE:
Acridine orange turns the single-stranded nucleic acid orange/red.
With polymerase chain-reaction we can determine the infective titer of the virus.
With the virus neutralisation test we can separate the maternal and vaccine-induced antibodies.
With the haemagglutination inhibition test, we can show the African swine fever antibodies.
TRUE - acridine orange turns the single-stranded nucleic acid orange/red
FALSE - with polymerase chain-reaction we can determine the infective titer of the virus
FALSE - with the virus neutralisation test we can separate the maternal and vaccine-induced antibodies
FALSE - with the haemagglutination inhibition test, we can show the African swine fever antibodies
119
What can we call the process where the cell division of cells of ectopic tissues are inhibited during contact?
Contact inhibition
120
What is the concentration mode in which, with the help of osmotic pressure, water is removed from the virus suspension?
Dialysis
121
What do we call the virus penetration method, whereby RNA-protein complexes can pass through the cytoplasmic membrane?
Translocation
122
What is it called, when an mRNA codes for more than one protein?
Polycystronic
123
What do we call the type of phenotypic mix, when one of the virus’ nucleic acids builds into the other virus’ capsid?
Phenotypic mixing(melange)
124
What is the name of the method whereby, organ samples of dead animals are inoculated for cell cultures?
Cell cultivation or cell culture contamination
125
What is the name of the virus detection method whereby, the antigen and antibody react with one another via an electric current?
(Electric current) immunoelectrophoresis
126
What do we call an the ingredients of an inactive vaccine, which increases the vaccine intensity?
Adjuvant
127
What kind of virus are usually Papilloma viruses?
Stenoxen viruses
128
What does Alpha herpes viruses cause?
Latency in ganglionic nervecells
129
What does Orthopox viruses cause?
Cowpox virus
130
Beak and feather disease viruses have an immunosuppressive effect
TRUE
131
Orthoreo viruses cause tenosynovitis in birds
TRUE
132
The Ebola virus can cause bleeding fever in humans
TRUE
133
The environmental owners/maintainers of the Mamaerena viruses are?
Rodents
134
Viruses affecting humans and cattle?
Deltaretrovirus genus
135
How are prion proteins usually spread?
Orally
136
Which virus can cause kidney failure in chickens?
Gammacoronavirus (infectious bronchitis)
137
Which virus causes a slowly-developing infection in horses?
Influenza virus
138
Causes immunosuppression in cats:
Panleicopenia virus
Peritonitis virus infecting cats
Feline leukaemia virus
The infectious bursitis virus
FALSE - Panleicopenia virus
TRUE - Peritonitis virus infecting cats
TRUE- Feline leukaemia virus
FALSE - The infectious bursitis virus
139
Causes abortion, respiratory and central nervous system symptoms:
Herpresmamillitis virus (BoHV-2)
Cattle affecting infectious rhinotracheitis virus (BoHV-2)
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EHV-1)
Aujeszky-disease virus (SuHV-1)
FALSE- Herpresmamillitis virus (BoHV-2)
TRUE- Cattle affecting infectious rhinotracheitis virus (BoHV-2)
TRUE - Equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EHV-1)
TRUE - Aujeszky-disease virus (SuHV-1)
140
Small mammals are the hosts of:
Mammalian bornavirus
Mammaerenavirus
Mamastroviruses
Hantaviruses
TRUE - Mammalian bornavirus
TRUE - Mammaerenavirus
FALSE - Mamastroviruses
TRUE- Hantaviruses
141
What is the name of the illness/disease caused by rhinovirus?
Rhinitis
142
In what species does Border disease virus cause illness?
Sheep
143
Which virus causes persistent infections in the sexual organs/tracts?
Arterovirus
144
Which animal virus did they manage to get rid of on Earth?
Eastern cowpox and Morbillivirus
145
Which virus causes glandular stomach disease in parrots?
Bornavirus
146
What do they call the virus causing human immunodeficiency?
AIDS
