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Billy week 139 > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription:

ss(+)RNA

A

Direct translation as ss+RNA is the same as human mRNA

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2
Q

Transcription:

ds(+)RNA or ds(-)RNA

A

Virus brings in machinery: RNA dependent RNA polymerase, so that ss(+)RNA is made

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3
Q

Transcription:

ds(+)DNA or ds(-)DNA or
ss(+)DNA or
ss(-) DNA

A

Virus can use host cell machinery: DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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4
Q

Transcription:

ss(+)RNA retroviruses

A

Virus brings in RNA dependent DNA polymerase to make ds(+/-)DNA which is then incorporated into the host genome, and can be transcribed using the host’s DNA dependent RNA polymerase.

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5
Q

Transcription:

ss(-)RNA

A

Virus brings in its own RNA dependent RNA polymerase

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6
Q

Replication:

DNA

A

Hosts DNA dependent DNA polymerase forms DNA

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7
Q

Replication:

ssRNA(+)

A

Transcription is not needed as same form as mRNA, and the first protein to be translated is viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is used to replicate the RNA to form RNA.

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8
Q

Replication:

ssRNA(-)

A

Carried viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase to form RNA

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9
Q

Replication:

dsRNA(+/-)

A

Carried viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase to form RNA

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10
Q

Replication:

ssRNA(+) retroviruses

A

Virus carries RNA-dependent DNA polymerase to form DNA which incorporates into host genome, and then human DNA-dependent DNA polymerase replicates to form viral DNA.

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11
Q

What is the trigger for nucleocapsid assembly?

A

Thought to be due to viral components e.g. nucleic acids and proteins, reaching threshold level, acting as self-assembly trigger.

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12
Q

Where does assembly occur?

A

Membrane associated, usually at the same point as nucleic acid replication (cytoplasm)

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13
Q

How do naked viruses release from the cell?

A

The cell functions stop working properly while the virus is multiplying, resulting in it’s lysis at some point, releasing the virus.

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14
Q

How do enveloped viruses release from the cell?

A

Virus assembles partly or fully at the plasma membrane of the host cell.

The viral glycoprotein spikes them embed themselves into the host plasma membrane, and the virus particle begins to assemble.

The nucleocapsid buds at a region where the spikes exist and the virion + envelope (formed from the plasma membrane) is released by exocytosis.

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15
Q

How can you get release of a naked virus without lysis of the host cell?

A

An enveloped virus buds at a plasma membrane of some intracellular machinery e.g. golgi apparatus, forming a vesicle inside the cytoplasm.

The vesicle then travels to the external plasma membrane and fuses, and the virus is released naked.

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16
Q

What is the name of the stage when the virus becomes infectious, and when does it occur, and what does it involve?

A

Maturation

It can occur pre- or post- release from the host

Involves alterations of proteins of the capsid using host or viral proteases

17
Q

Why is the flu virus “special”?

A

It’s a ssRNA(-) virus but it replicates in the nucleus

18
Q

Rotavirus

A

Gut

dsRNA non-enveloped

19
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Respiratory (Flu)

ssRNA(-)

20
Q

Paramyoxviridae

A

RSV, measles, mumps, paraflu

RSV = resp
Measles = resp
Mumps = resp
Paraflu = resp
21
Q

Enveloped viruses?

A

Mumps

Measles

22
Q

How do you test for mumps?

A

IgM

23
Q

Astroviridae

A

Astrovirus

Gut

ss(+)RNA

24
Q

Parvoviridae

A

ParvoB19

Fifth disease (Slapped cheek)

ssDNA non-enveloped

Resp?

25
Q

Adenoviridae

A

Adenovirus

Gut

dsDNA non-enveloped

26
Q

Papovaviridae

A

HPV

Skin and mucous membranes (warts)

dsDNA non-enveloped

27
Q 
Herpes virus:
HS1
HS2
VZV
CMV
HHV6
HHV7
HHV8
EBV
A

Double stranded DNA enveloped

Skin and mucous membranes but then lie latent in DRG

28
Q

Retroviridae

A

HIV

CD4+ Th cells

ssRNA(+) enveloped

29
Q

Togaviridae

A

Rubella aka german measles

Respiratory

ssRNA(+) enveloped

30
Q

Coronaviridae

A

Respiratory

SARS

ssRNA(+) enveloped

31
Q

Picornaviridae

A

Polio, rhino, coxsackie (HF&M)

Polio = 99% enterovirus, 1% paralytic when it enters the CNS and replicates in neurones

Rhinovirus = URT

Coxsackie: group A = skin and MMs e.g. HFM group B = heart,pleura, pancreas and liver

ssRNA(+) non-enveloped

32
Q

Poxviridae

A

Molluscum contagiosum

Skin & MMs

Billy week 139 (4 decks)

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