Virology Flashcards
1
Q
Smallest infectious agent which measures 20-300 in diameter.
A
Virus
2
Q
All virus are haploid except___________.
A
Retrovirus
3
Q
Can a virus be a DNA or RNA?
A
Yes
4
Q
Virus has the capability to self-replicate and does not require host. True/False
A
False. Virus cannot self-replicate, they require host cell.
5
Q
The virus is enveloped (labile or resistant)
A
Labile
6
Q
The virus is naked (labile or resistant)
A
Resistant
7
Q
What are the naked virus?
A
Picornavirus, Reovirus, Calicivirus, Papovirus, Parvovirus and Adenovirus (PRCPPA)
8
Q
What do you call the protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid?
A
Capsid
9
Q
A nucleic acid can be both DNA and RNA. (True/False)
A
No. It can only be either a DNA or RNA
10
Q
A nucleic acid enclosed with capsid
A
Nucleocapsid
11
Q
Morphological units seen on the surface of particles
that compose the capsid which can be helical, icosahedral, complex.
A
Capsomeres
12
Q
A lipid containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles.
A
Envelope
13
Q
Glycoprotein and matrix protein are examples of which part of a virus?
A
Envelope
14
Q
What is the smallest functional units equivalent to
building units of the capsid?
A
Protomers
15
Q
The Most widely used for virus isolation (shell vial).
A
Cell cultures
16
Q
What is the type of cell culture that is derived from animal tissues and very expensive?
A
Primary cell culture
17
Q
Monkey Kidney that is excellent for Myxovirus is an example of what type of cell culture?
A
Primary cell culture
18
Q
An example of this type of cell culture is Human Embryonic kidney and skin fibroblasts.
A
Semi-continuous cell culture
19
Q
Type of cell culture that is derived from embryonic tissues.
A
Semi-continuous cell culture
20
Q
Type of cell culture that is derived from tumor cells / malignant tissue.
A
Continuous cell culture
21
Q
HeLa, Vero, Hep2, LLC-MK2, MDCK are examples of what type of cell culture?
A
Continuous cell culture
22
Q
All are ds-DNA except _________.
A
Parvovirus
23
Q
Poxvirus is icosahedral. (True/False)
A
False. All DNA virus are icosahedral except: Poxvirus (complex)
24
Q
Which DNA virus are not enveloped?
A
Pavovirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
25
Poxvirus multiplies in nucleus. (True/False)
False all DNA virus multiply in nucleus except Poxvirus (in cytoplasm)
26
Largest DNA virus
Poxvirus
27
Smallest DNA virus
Parvovirus
28
True or False. Adenovirus is pathogenic to human.
True
29
Grape-like cluster with cytopathic effect in cell culture
Adenovirus
30
Common manifestation of Mastadenovirus
Respiratory and gastrointestinal
31
Virus acquired through contaminated respiratory droplets, stool and fomite and replicates in oropharynx
Adenovirus
32
How many serotypes does adenovirus have?
52
33
What serotype of adenovirus: Gastroenteritis in children
40 and 41
34
What serotype of Adenovirus: Conjunctivits
8
35
What serotype of adenovirus: pharyngitis
3&7
36
What serotype of adenovirus: Respiratory disease epidemic in military
4&7
37
The only DNA hepatitis
Hepadnavirus
38
Infectious unit of Hepadnavirus
Dane particle or Australian antigen
39
Infectious unit of Hepadnavirust
Dane particle or Australian antigen
40
Associated with acute hepatitis but may lead to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma
Hepadnavirus
41
Humans are the only source of the virus
Hepadnavirus
42
Mode of Transmission: HAV
Fecal oral
43
Mode of Transmission: HBV
Sexual, Perinatal, Parenteral
44
Mode of Transmission: HCV
Sharing of needles (Parenteral)
45
Mode of Transmission: HDV
Intravenous drug use (Parenteral)
46
Mode of Transmission: HEV
Fecal oral
47
Virus ssRNA: HAV
Picornaviridae
48
Virus ssRNA: HBV
dsDNA (Hepadnaviri dae)
49
Virus ssRNA: HCV
Flaviviridae
50
Virus ssRNA: HDV
Delta virus
51
Virus ssRNA: HEV
Hepevirus (under calicivirus)
52
The type of Hepatitis virus which is an incomplete virus and will only be activated when there’s a presence of HBV.
HDV
53
Derived from the Greek word “creep” which means having/presence of ulcerative lesions.
Herpes
54
Size of herpes virus
150-200 nm
55
What are the 4 components of herpes virus?
nucleic acid core, capsid, tegument and envelope
56
The virus that has lifelong persistence in their host.
Herpes Virus
57
It is defined as a condition already existing but not yet active or may not cause symptoms yet, where it all start.
Latency
58
Type of herpes virus that is spread by direct contact with infected secretions
HSV-1 and HSV-2
59
HSV1 and 2 latency is _________
sensory nerve ganglia
60
The leading cause of fatal sporadic
encephalitis and corneal infection in the US.
HSV-1
61
Causes Encephalitis in older children and adults
HSV1
62
Herpes Virus associate with Genital infection.
HSV2
63
What is the latency of Varicella Zoster Virus?
Dorsal root ganglia
64
Characterized by having the presence of skin rash with blisters that look like dewdrops on a rose petal.
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3
65
The causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (Glandular fever), Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) or HHV-4
66
Transmitted through close contact with secretions, blood transfusion (WBC), organ transplant and transplacental transmission
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5
67
Most common cause of viral mental retardation and congenital disease which must be avoided by pregnant woman during 1st trimester
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5
68
Latency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5
white blood cell and endothelial cell
69
A salivary gland virus with owl’s eyes appearance
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5
70
Transmitted through respiratory secretions and occurs in almost all children from age 2-3 years old
Human Herpes virus (HHV-6 and HHV-7)
71
Site of latency of Human Herpes Virus
CD4 (T helper cell)
72
Gamma herpes virus
Rhadinovirus (HHV-8)
73
Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma
Rhadinovirus (HHV-8)
74
Cause warts and exhibit tropism in cutaneous and mucocutaneous
Papillomavirus
75
HPV 1 causes ___________.
HPV that causes Plantar warts
76
HPV 2 and 4 causes __________________.
HPV that causes Warts of the Hand
77
HPV that causes Genital warts
HPV 6 and 11; HPV 41 and 42
78
HPV that causes Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
HPV 5 and 8
79
HPV that causes Heck’s disease (Focal epithelial hyperplasia)
HPV 13 and 32
80
HPV that causes Condyloma acuminate
HPV 16 and 18
81
HPV that causes subset of cancer of oropharynx and penile cancer in men
HPV 16
82
What is the meaning of Parvo?
small
83
Associated with Erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B19
84
Viral replication sites of Parvovirus B19
erythroid progenitor cells, adult bone marrow and fetal liver
85
With characteristics slapped cheek appearance
Parvovirus B19
86
Polyoma virus associated with Hemorrhagic cystitis
BK virus / Polyoma virus hominis 1
87
Polyoma virus associated with Progressive multifocal leukoencelopathy
JC virus / Polyoma virus hominis 2
88
Polyoma virus associated with associated with Merkel Cell Carcinoma
MC virus
89
Largest and most complex of all viruses
Poxvirus
90
A virus that is characterized by having Oval or brick shape
Poxvirus
91
causative agent of smallpox virus
Variola/Orthopoxvirus
92
small, pink, popular wart-like benign tumors of the skin or mucous membrane
Molluscum Contangiosum
93
transmitted by direct contact with sheep in which nodules in hands may be seen
Orf virus
94
used in smallpox vaccine
Vaccinia
95
Large dsDNA virus which is the causative agent of African Swine Flu (ASF)
Iridovirus
96
Virus that is not transmissible to human but highly pathogenic to pigs (causes hemorrhagic fever to them)
Iridovirus
97
Known to be transmitted by arthropods (soft ticks)
Iridovirus
98
True/ False. All RNA VIRUS are single stranded except Picornavirus
All are single stranded except Reovirus
99
All RNA VIRUS are helical except __________, ____________, __________ , _____________, ________________.
Picornavirus, Reovirus, Retrovirus, Flavivirus, Togavirus
100
All RNA VIRUS are enveloped except __________, ____________, ________________.
Picornavirus, Calicivirus and Reovirus
101
All RNA virus replicate in the cytoplasm except _______________,____________.
Orthomyxovirus, Retrovirus
102
Largest RNA VIRUS is ________.
Paramyxovirus
103
smallest RNA VIRUS is
Picornavirus
104
Sand shape appearance in electron microscope
Arenavirus
105
New World Arena Virus: __________, ____________, _________, _______.
Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo
106
Old World Arena Virus: __________, ____________, _________, _______.
Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lassa virus
107
rare case of aseptic meningitis
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
108
hemorrhagic fever + influenza like
Lassa virus
109
RNA VIRUS that has Star appearance in EM
Astrovirus
110
RNA VIRUS account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world
Astrovirus
111
RNA VIRUS Transmitted by mosquito, ticks and sandfly
Bunyavirus
112
Type of Bunyavirus associated with Rift valley fever virus
Phlebov-Rift (Brain and liver)
113
Type of Bunyavirus associated with LaCrosse and California encephalitis
Orthobunyav (Brain)
114
Type of Bunyavirus associated with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever
Nairovirus (Vascular, Endothelium and Liver)
115
Type of Bunyavirus associated with rodent borne bunyavirus
Hantavirus (Deer mice, not by arthropod)
116
RNA VIRUS that is small (30-38nm) rounded nonenveloped that causes gastroenteritis to human
Calicivirus
117
Associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in underdeveloped countries which is dues to ingestion of contaminated shell fish and water
Norovirus/Norwalk virus
118
Cup-shape in EM, also associated with gastroenteritis
Sapovirus
119
Characterized by being pleomorphic and is roughly spherical which is extremely fragile and difficult to culture
Coronavirus
120
Resemble halo/crown on external surface of the virus
Coronavirus
121
Coronavirus acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China
SARS-COV1
122
Coronavirus acquired from camel that originated in Middle East
MERS-COV
123
Coronavirus possibly acquired from Pangolin (bat) that originated from Wuhan, China
SARS-COV2
124
(Direct/ Indirect) SARS-COV2 Detection: microscopy/viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR)
Direct
125
(Direct/ Indirect) SARS-COV2 Detection: serological testing (Antigen)
Indirect
126
Country of origin: Alpha (B117)
United Kingdom
127
Country of origin: Beta (B1351)
South Africa
128
Country of origin: Gamma (P1)
Brazil
129
Country of origin: Delta (B16172)
India
130
Filo or threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM
Filovirus
131
Most pathogenic hemorrhagic virus
Filovirus
132
Filovirus that have 25% fatality rate and is acquired from African Green Monkey
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
133
Filovirus that is due to eating of wild animal meat in Africa and is acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human. It has 80% fatality rate
Ebola virus
134
Derived from flavus which means yellow
Flavivirus
135
Three cycles of Yellow fever
Sylvatic – monkey population transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti); Urban – Human; Intermediate – Human
136
most common flavivirus worldwide
Dengue virus
137
The Dengue vectors
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes polynesiensis
138
How many serotypes does dengue virus have?
4
139
Major protein in dengue virus called ___________.
“E” for enveloped protein
140
Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months
St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)
141
Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and albopictus
Zika Virus
142
Vector is Culex mosquito and is Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens
West Nile virus
143
Associated with chronic liver disease and the MOT is parenteral
Hepatitis C
144
Previously under calicivirus which has high case fatality rate in pregnant women (10-20%)
Hepevirus
145
Virus that has Pleomorphic single strand with 8 segments and with three serotypes
Orthomyxovirus; serotypes: A – naturally infects, B and C – Human
146
Further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
Influenza
147
True or False: Hemagglutinin are mushroom spikes
False. Hemagglutinin are rod shape spikes
148
True or False: Neuraminidase are rod shape spikes
Neuraminidase are mushroom spikes
149
refers to alteration to influenza HA and NA antigens
Antigenic drift
150
occurs after having a completely new novel type
Antigenic shift
151
H1N1
Spanish Flu
152
H2N2
Asian Flu
153
H3N2
Hongkong Flu
154
H5N1
Avian Flu
155
Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift
Paramyxovirus
156
Characterized by inflamed salivary gland (infection of parotid gland) accompanied by high temperature and fatigue
Mumps or Rubulavirus
157
Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide
Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus
158
Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus contains ____.
F protein (Fusion)
159
Leads to giant multinucleated cells
Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus
160
Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever
Measles or Morbilivirus (Rubeola)
161
Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children
Metapneumovirus
162
Can cause febrile encephalitis in human
Nipah virus
163
Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration
Picornavirus
164
Piccolo means _________.
small
165
The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma
Enterovirus
166
Primary MOT of Enterovirus
Respiratory or gastrointestinal
167
Enterovirus associated with paralytic poliomyelitis/flaccid paralysis
Poliovirus (1-3)
168
Enterovirus associated with herpangina or severe febrile pharyngitis with small blisters in mouth
Coxsackie A (1-23)
169
Enterovirus associated with enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan virus characterized by cough, rash and influenza-like syndrome
Echovirus (1-32)
170
Major cause of cold virus that is resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes, but sensitive to pH less than 6
Rhinovirus
171
Respiratory Enteric Orphan
Reovirus
172
The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide
Rotavirus
173
With 12 RNA segments and is associated with Colorado tick fever
Coltivirus
174
Requires RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Retrovirus
175
True/ False: HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are cytolytic
HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are oncovirus but not cytolytic
176
HTLV 1 is known as ________.
T cell leukemia
177
HTLV 2 is known as ____________.
Hairy Cell Leukemia
178
the causative agent of AIDS
HIV
179
The 4 HIV antigens are _______.
p24, gp41, gp120, and gp160
180
HIV Screening TEST is ____.
ELISA
181
HIV Confirmatory TEST is ____________.
Western Blot (most common)
182
HIV group that is prevalent in Worldwide
HIV 1
183
HIV group that is prevalent in West Africa
HIV 2
184
It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm and has Bullet shape appearance.
Lyssavirus/Rabies
185
Rhabdovirus associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals and humans
Lyssavirus/Rabies
186
Togavirus associated with equine encephalitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) and transmitted by mosquitos usually Aedes
Alphavirus
187
Togavirus associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti
Chikungunya virus
188
non-arthropod type of toga virus
Rubella or Rubivirus
