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Virology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest infectious agent which measures 20-300 in diameter.

A

Virus

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2
Q

All virus are haploid except___________.

A

Retrovirus

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3
Q

Can a virus be a DNA or RNA?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Virus has the capability to self-replicate and does not require host. True/False

A

False. Virus cannot self-replicate, they require host cell.

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5
Q

The virus is enveloped (labile or resistant)

A

Labile

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6
Q

The virus is naked (labile or resistant)

A

Resistant

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7
Q

What are the naked virus?

A

Picornavirus, Reovirus, Calicivirus, Papovirus, Parvovirus and Adenovirus (PRCPPA)

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8
Q

What do you call the protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid?

A

Capsid

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9
Q

A nucleic acid can be both DNA and RNA. (True/False)

A

No. It can only be either a DNA or RNA

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10
Q

A nucleic acid enclosed with capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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11
Q

Morphological units seen on the surface of particles
that compose the capsid which can be helical, icosahedral, complex.

A

Capsomeres

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12
Q

A lipid containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles.

A

Envelope

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13
Q

Glycoprotein and matrix protein are examples of which part of a virus?

A

Envelope

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14
Q

What is the smallest functional units equivalent to
building units of the capsid?

A

Protomers

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15
Q

The Most widely used for virus isolation (shell vial).

A

Cell cultures

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16
Q

What is the type of cell culture that is derived from animal tissues and very expensive?

A

Primary cell culture

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17
Q

Monkey Kidney that is excellent for Myxovirus is an example of what type of cell culture?

A

Primary cell culture

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18
Q

An example of this type of cell culture is Human Embryonic kidney and skin fibroblasts.

A

Semi-continuous cell culture

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19
Q

Type of cell culture that is derived from embryonic tissues.

A

Semi-continuous cell culture

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20
Q

Type of cell culture that is derived from tumor cells / malignant tissue.

A

Continuous cell culture

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21
Q

HeLa, Vero, Hep2, LLC-MK2, MDCK are examples of what type of cell culture?

A

Continuous cell culture

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22
Q

All are ds-DNA except _________.

A

Parvovirus

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23
Q

Poxvirus is icosahedral. (True/False)

A

False. All DNA virus are icosahedral except: Poxvirus (complex)

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24
Q

Which DNA virus are not enveloped?

A

Pavovirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus

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25
Q

Poxvirus multiplies in nucleus. (True/False)

A

False all DNA virus multiply in nucleus except Poxvirus (in cytoplasm)

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26
Q

Largest DNA virus

A

Poxvirus

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27
Q

Smallest DNA virus

A

Parvovirus

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28
Q

True or False. Adenovirus is pathogenic to human.

A

True

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29
Q

Grape-like cluster with cytopathic effect in cell culture

A

Adenovirus

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30
Q

Common manifestation of Mastadenovirus

A

Respiratory and gastrointestinal

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31
Q

Virus acquired through contaminated respiratory droplets, stool and fomite and replicates in oropharynx

A

Adenovirus

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32
Q

How many serotypes does adenovirus have?

A

52

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33
Q

What serotype of adenovirus: Gastroenteritis in children

A

40 and 41

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34
Q

What serotype of Adenovirus: Conjunctivits

A

8

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35
Q

What serotype of adenovirus: pharyngitis

A

3&7

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36
Q

What serotype of adenovirus: Respiratory disease epidemic in military

A

4&7

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37
Q

The only DNA hepatitis

A

Hepadnavirus

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38
Q

Infectious unit of Hepadnavirus

A

Dane particle or Australian antigen

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39
Q

Infectious unit of Hepadnavirust

A

Dane particle or Australian antigen

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40
Q

Associated with acute hepatitis but may lead to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma

A

Hepadnavirus

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41
Q

Humans are the only source of the virus

A

Hepadnavirus

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42
Q

Mode of Transmission: HAV

A

Fecal oral

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43
Q

Mode of Transmission: HBV

A

Sexual, Perinatal, Parenteral

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44
Q

Mode of Transmission: HCV

A

Sharing of needles (Parenteral)

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45
Q

Mode of Transmission: HDV

A

Intravenous drug use (Parenteral)

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46
Q

Mode of Transmission: HEV

A

Fecal oral

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47
Q

Virus ssRNA: HAV

A

Picornaviridae

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48
Q

Virus ssRNA: HBV

A

dsDNA (Hepadnaviri dae)

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49
Q

Virus ssRNA: HCV

A

Flaviviridae

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50
Q

Virus ssRNA: HDV

A

Delta virus

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51
Q

Virus ssRNA: HEV

A

Hepevirus (under calicivirus)

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52
Q

The type of Hepatitis virus which is an incomplete virus and will only be activated when there’s a presence of HBV.

A

HDV

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53
Q

Derived from the Greek word “creep” which means having/presence of ulcerative lesions.

A

Herpes

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54
Q

Size of herpes virus

A

150-200 nm

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55
Q

What are the 4 components of herpes virus?

A

nucleic acid core, capsid, tegument and envelope

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56
Q

The virus that has lifelong persistence in their host.

A

Herpes Virus

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57
Q

It is defined as a condition already existing but not yet active or may not cause symptoms yet, where it all start.

A

Latency

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58
Q

Type of herpes virus that is spread by direct contact with infected secretions

A

HSV-1 and HSV-2

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59
Q

HSV1 and 2 latency is _________

A

sensory nerve ganglia

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60
Q

The leading cause of fatal sporadic
encephalitis and corneal infection in the US.

A

HSV-1

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61
Q

Causes Encephalitis in older children and adults

A

HSV1

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62
Q

Herpes Virus associate with Genital infection.

A

HSV2

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63
Q

What is the latency of Varicella Zoster Virus?

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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64
Q

Characterized by having the presence of skin rash with blisters that look like dewdrops on a rose petal.

A

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

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65
Q

The causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (Glandular fever), Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) or HHV-4

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66
Q

Transmitted through close contact with secretions, blood transfusion (WBC), organ transplant and transplacental transmission

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5

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67
Q

Most common cause of viral mental retardation and congenital disease which must be avoided by pregnant woman during 1st trimester

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5

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68
Q

Latency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5

A

white blood cell and endothelial cell

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69
Q

A salivary gland virus with owl’s eyes appearance

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or HHV-5

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70
Q

Transmitted through respiratory secretions and occurs in almost all children from age 2-3 years old

A

Human Herpes virus (HHV-6 and HHV-7)

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71
Q

Site of latency of Human Herpes Virus

A

CD4 (T helper cell)

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72
Q

Gamma herpes virus

A

Rhadinovirus (HHV-8)

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73
Q

Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Rhadinovirus (HHV-8)

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74
Q

Cause warts and exhibit tropism in cutaneous and mucocutaneous

A

Papillomavirus

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75
Q

HPV 1 causes ___________.

A

HPV that causes Plantar warts

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76
Q

HPV 2 and 4 causes __________________.

A

HPV that causes Warts of the Hand

77
Q

HPV that causes Genital warts

A

HPV 6 and 11; HPV 41 and 42

78
Q

HPV that causes Epidermodysplasia verruciformis

A

HPV 5 and 8

79
Q

HPV that causes Heck’s disease (Focal epithelial hyperplasia)

A

HPV 13 and 32

80
Q

HPV that causes Condyloma acuminate

A

HPV 16 and 18

81
Q

HPV that causes subset of cancer of oropharynx and penile cancer in men

A

HPV 16

82
Q

What is the meaning of Parvo?

A

small

83
Q

Associated with Erythema infectiosum

A

Parvovirus B19

84
Q

Viral replication sites of Parvovirus B19

A

erythroid progenitor cells, adult bone marrow and fetal liver

85
Q

With characteristics slapped cheek appearance

A

Parvovirus B19

86
Q

Polyoma virus associated with Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

BK virus / Polyoma virus hominis 1

87
Q

Polyoma virus associated with Progressive multifocal leukoencelopathy

A

JC virus / Polyoma virus hominis 2

88
Q

Polyoma virus associated with associated with Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A

MC virus

89
Q

Largest and most complex of all viruses

A

Poxvirus

90
Q

A virus that is characterized by having Oval or brick shape

A

Poxvirus

91
Q

causative agent of smallpox virus

A

Variola/Orthopoxvirus

92
Q

small, pink, popular wart-like benign tumors of the skin or mucous membrane

A

Molluscum Contangiosum

93
Q

transmitted by direct contact with sheep in which nodules in hands may be seen

A

Orf virus

94
Q

used in smallpox vaccine

A

Vaccinia

95
Q

Large dsDNA virus which is the causative agent of African Swine Flu (ASF)

A

Iridovirus

96
Q

Virus that is not transmissible to human but highly pathogenic to pigs (causes hemorrhagic fever to them)

A

Iridovirus

97
Q

Known to be transmitted by arthropods (soft ticks)

A

Iridovirus

98
Q

True/ False. All RNA VIRUS are single stranded except Picornavirus

A

All are single stranded except Reovirus

99
Q

All RNA VIRUS are helical except __________, ____________, __________ , _____________, ________________.

A

Picornavirus, Reovirus, Retrovirus, Flavivirus, Togavirus

100
Q

All RNA VIRUS are enveloped except __________, ____________, ________________.

A

Picornavirus, Calicivirus and Reovirus

101
Q

All RNA virus replicate in the cytoplasm except _______________,____________.

A

Orthomyxovirus, Retrovirus

102
Q

Largest RNA VIRUS is ________.

A

Paramyxovirus

103
Q

smallest RNA VIRUS is

A

Picornavirus

104
Q

Sand shape appearance in electron microscope

A

Arenavirus

105
Q

New World Arena Virus: __________, ____________, _________, _______.

A

Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo

106
Q

Old World Arena Virus: __________, ____________, _________, _______.

A

Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lassa virus

107
Q

rare case of aseptic meningitis

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

108
Q

hemorrhagic fever + influenza like

A

Lassa virus

109
Q

RNA VIRUS that has Star appearance in EM

A

Astrovirus

110
Q

RNA VIRUS account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world

A

Astrovirus

111
Q

RNA VIRUS Transmitted by mosquito, ticks and sandfly

A

Bunyavirus

112
Q

Type of Bunyavirus associated with Rift valley fever virus

A

Phlebov-Rift (Brain and liver)

113
Q

Type of Bunyavirus associated with LaCrosse and California encephalitis

A

Orthobunyav (Brain)

114
Q

Type of Bunyavirus associated with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever

A

Nairovirus (Vascular, Endothelium and Liver)

115
Q

Type of Bunyavirus associated with rodent borne bunyavirus

A

Hantavirus (Deer mice, not by arthropod)

116
Q

RNA VIRUS that is small (30-38nm) rounded nonenveloped that causes gastroenteritis to human

A

Calicivirus

117
Q

Associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in underdeveloped countries which is dues to ingestion of contaminated shell fish and water

A

Norovirus/Norwalk virus

118
Q

Cup-shape in EM, also associated with gastroenteritis

A

Sapovirus

119
Q

Characterized by being pleomorphic and is roughly spherical which is extremely fragile and difficult to culture

A

Coronavirus

120
Q

Resemble halo/crown on external surface of the virus

A

Coronavirus

121
Q

Coronavirus acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China

A

SARS-COV1

122
Q

Coronavirus acquired from camel that originated in Middle East

A

MERS-COV

123
Q

Coronavirus possibly acquired from Pangolin (bat) that originated from Wuhan, China

A

SARS-COV2

124
Q

(Direct/ Indirect) SARS-COV2 Detection: microscopy/viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR)

A

Direct

125
Q

(Direct/ Indirect) SARS-COV2 Detection: serological testing (Antigen)

A

Indirect

126
Q

Country of origin: Alpha (B117)

A

United Kingdom

127
Q

Country of origin: Beta (B1351)

A

South Africa

128
Q

Country of origin: Gamma (P1)

A

Brazil

129
Q

Country of origin: Delta (B16172)

A

India

130
Q

Filo or threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM

A

Filovirus

131
Q

Most pathogenic hemorrhagic virus

A

Filovirus

132
Q

Filovirus that have 25% fatality rate and is acquired from African Green Monkey

A

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

133
Q

Filovirus that is due to eating of wild animal meat in Africa and is acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human. It has 80% fatality rate

A

Ebola virus

134
Q

Derived from flavus which means yellow

A

Flavivirus

135
Q

Three cycles of Yellow fever

A

Sylvatic – monkey population transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti); Urban – Human; Intermediate – Human

136
Q

most common flavivirus worldwide

A

Dengue virus

137
Q

The Dengue vectors

A

Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes polynesiensis

138
Q

How many serotypes does dengue virus have?

A

4

139
Q

Major protein in dengue virus called ___________.

A

“E” for enveloped protein

140
Q

Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months

A

St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)

141
Q

Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and albopictus

A

Zika Virus

142
Q

Vector is Culex mosquito and is Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens

A

West Nile virus

143
Q

Associated with chronic liver disease and the MOT is parenteral

A

Hepatitis C

144
Q

Previously under calicivirus which has high case fatality rate in pregnant women (10-20%)

A

Hepevirus

145
Q

Virus that has Pleomorphic single strand with 8 segments and with three serotypes

A

Orthomyxovirus; serotypes: A – naturally infects, B and C – Human

146
Q

Further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)

A

Influenza

147
Q

True or False: Hemagglutinin are mushroom spikes

A

False. Hemagglutinin are rod shape spikes

148
Q

True or False: Neuraminidase are rod shape spikes

A

Neuraminidase are mushroom spikes

149
Q

refers to alteration to influenza HA and NA antigens

A

Antigenic drift

150
Q

occurs after having a completely new novel type

A

Antigenic shift

151
Q

H1N1

A

Spanish Flu

152
Q

H2N2

A

Asian Flu

153
Q

H3N2

A

Hongkong Flu

154
Q

H5N1

A

Avian Flu

155
Q

Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift

A

Paramyxovirus

156
Q

Characterized by inflamed salivary gland (infection of parotid gland) accompanied by high temperature and fatigue

A

Mumps or Rubulavirus

157
Q

Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus

158
Q

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus contains ____.

A

F protein (Fusion)

159
Q

Leads to giant multinucleated cells

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus

160
Q

Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever

A

Measles or Morbilivirus (Rubeola)

161
Q

Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children

A

Metapneumovirus

162
Q

Can cause febrile encephalitis in human

A

Nipah virus

163
Q

Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration

A

Picornavirus

164
Q

Piccolo means _________.

A

small

165
Q

The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma

A

Enterovirus

166
Q

Primary MOT of Enterovirus

A

Respiratory or gastrointestinal

167
Q

Enterovirus associated with paralytic poliomyelitis/flaccid paralysis

A

Poliovirus (1-3)

168
Q

Enterovirus associated with herpangina or severe febrile pharyngitis with small blisters in mouth

A

Coxsackie A (1-23)

169
Q

Enterovirus associated with enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan virus characterized by cough, rash and influenza-like syndrome

A

Echovirus (1-32)

170
Q

Major cause of cold virus that is resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes, but sensitive to pH less than 6

A

Rhinovirus

171
Q

Respiratory Enteric Orphan

A

Reovirus

172
Q

The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide

A

Rotavirus

173
Q

With 12 RNA segments and is associated with Colorado tick fever

A

Coltivirus

174
Q

Requires RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

A

Retrovirus

175
Q

True/ False: HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are cytolytic

A

HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are oncovirus but not cytolytic

176
Q

HTLV 1 is known as ________.

A

T cell leukemia

177
Q

HTLV 2 is known as ____________.

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

178
Q

the causative agent of AIDS

A

HIV

179
Q

The 4 HIV antigens are _______.

A

p24, gp41, gp120, and gp160

180
Q

HIV Screening TEST is ____.

A

ELISA

181
Q

HIV Confirmatory TEST is ____________.

A

Western Blot (most common)

182
Q

HIV group that is prevalent in Worldwide

A

HIV 1

183
Q

HIV group that is prevalent in West Africa

A

HIV 2

184
Q

It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm and has Bullet shape appearance.

A

Lyssavirus/Rabies

185
Q

Rhabdovirus associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals and humans

A

Lyssavirus/Rabies

186
Q

Togavirus associated with equine encephalitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) and transmitted by mosquitos usually Aedes

A

Alphavirus

187
Q

Togavirus associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

A

Chikungunya virus

188
Q

non-arthropod type of toga virus

A

Rubella or Rubivirus

Virology (1 decks)

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