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Virology > ViroFinal Terms > Flashcards

ViroFinal Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Applies to diseases that persist at a moderate y steady level WITHIN a given geographic area

A

Endemic

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2
Q

🔅is needed for RT to synthesize viral DNA. Is a template for DNA synthesis

A

HBV Pregenome mRNA

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3
Q

🔸mRNA that includes only part of the genome sequence of an RNA virus

A

Subgenomic mRNA

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4
Q

The illness or disease state

A

Morbidity

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5
Q

Refers to a worldwide epidemic

     -AIDS is this all across disease
A

Pandemic

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6
Q

🔹In Paramyxovirus, mRNA synthesis is made by this (3 start codons y 3 stop codons)

A

Start-Stop mechanism

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7
Q

The disease causing agent

      -HIV is the agent of AIDS
A

Etiological agent/pathogen

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8
Q

The timespan of when a patient experiences defined symptoms y signs of illness

A

Period of Ilness

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9
Q

An individual who harbors the virus but is not infected y can infect others.

A

Carrier

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10
Q

🔸is when the virus can’t be transmitted from the host. Humans are usually this. The virus can’t go out.

A

Dead-end host

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11
Q

A measure of morbidity. It is the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specific period in susceptible population

A

Incidence

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12
Q

🔹An illness that is caused by viruses such as Ebola that involves high fever, vascular damage leading to internal bleeding, and results in shock, which if left untreated can lead to organ failure and death.

A

Hemorrhagic fever

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13
Q

The site where the etiological agent lives, grows, y multiplies.
[can serve as a host for virus replication]

A

Reservoir

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14
Q

Is the 1st appearance of mild or nonspecific signs y symptoms of an illness.

A

Prodromal Period

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15
Q

🔸basic subunit of capsid protein

A

Capsomer

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16
Q

Defines how an infectious disease is spread or passed on.

[can be direct o indirect]

A

Modes of Transmission

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17
Q

🔅is dormant y can cause recurrent diseases y can become more serious than previous infection
(Example: chicken pox to shingles)

A

Latent Infection

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18
Q

An unusually high number of cases in excess of normal expectation of a similar illness in a community.

A

Epidemic

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19
Q

🔸a large protein that is cleaved into smaller proteins

A

Polyprotien

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20
Q

The time between infection with a virus y the onset of symptoms.

A

Incubation Period

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21
Q

It’s proteins mark invading pathogens or infected cells for destruction.

A

Complement

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22
Q

Refers to the separation of ill/infected person from healthy person

A

Isolation

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23
Q

The time span of when an infected person is contagious y can directly o indirectly infect another person.

A

Communicable Period

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24
Q

Viral proteins that mimic cytokines y cytokine receptors

A

Virokine

And Viroceptors

25
Q

Specific antiviral Abs bound to virus particles y virus infected cells can also lead to engulfment or attack by macrophages leading to cell lysis, referred to what.

A

Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

26
Q

Proteins that protect cells against virus infection

are 1st line of defense against viruses

A

Interferons

27
Q

🔅similar to viroids but are encapsulated by helper virus proteins

A

Viroid-like Satellite Virus

28
Q

are involved in combating virus infections in plants y invertebrates

A

siRNA

29
Q

Cleaves dsRNA making siRNAS and is a ribonuclease III enzyme

A

Dicer

30
Q

siRNA molecules are bound by a collection of proteins known as?

A

RNA-induced Silencing Complex (RISC)

31
Q

A substance added to a vaccine that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen

A

Adjuvant

32
Q

This assay is used to screen large libraries of chemicals for their ability to inhibit virus replication in cultured cells

A

Cell based High Through Put Screen

33
Q

🔅led to the eradication of smallpox. Results from obtaining the virus from an unnatural source, which reduces severity y decreases mortality

A

Variolation

34
Q

Is the segregation of healthy ppl who are not ill but have been exposed to an infected individ with communicable disease from general population.

A

Quarantine

35
Q

Viruses that are genetically modified to deliver y express either their own o foreign genes

A

Virus Vectors

36
Q

🔹programmed cell death without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area

A

Apoptosis

37
Q

What is the study of how diseases affect whole communities?

A

Epidemiology

38
Q

🔹where the RNA can be either half positive or half negative

(Can be found in Bunyaviruses)

A

Ambisense Coding Strategy

39
Q

🔹is the minor change of the H and N glycoproteins that results from the accumulation of point mutations of the enveloped glycoproteins [continuously]

A

Antigenic Drift

40
Q

🔹Resembles viruses but are non infectious

A

Virus-like Particles

41
Q

🔸refers to the number of infectious virus particles added per susceptible cell

A

M. O. I. (Multiplicity of Infection)

42
Q

The inoculation of healthy people with antigenic material to stimulate the individual immune system to develop adaptive immunity to corresponding pathogen.

A

Vaccination

43
Q

🔸nucleic acid + capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

44
Q

🔸an object enclosed within a cell

A

Endosome

45
Q

🔸a phage genome integrated into a site in the bacterial chromosome

A

Prophage

46
Q

Cytotoxic pore-forming protein

A

Perforin

47
Q

🔸an arthropod-borne virus that is transmitted by Arthropoda such as ticks mosquitos etc.

A

Aborvirus

48
Q

🔅an integrated viral DNA copy in genome

A

Proviral DNA

49
Q

🔅the material between the capsid y envelope

A

Tegument

50
Q

🔅Produces multimeric concatemers of viral DNA

A

HSV Rolling Circle replication

51
Q

A property provided by memory B y T cells that respond rapidly on re-exposure to the viral infection that originally induced them

A

Immune Memory

52
Q

🔅An enzyme that hydrolyses RNA part in RNA-DNA hybrid but does not degrade unhybridized RNA

A

Ribonuclease H

53
Q

The number of deaths correlated with disease are expressed in quantitative terms.

A

Mortality

54
Q

🔅an infectious form of Hepatitis B virus

A

Dane Particle

55
Q

Describes a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity.

A

Herd Immunity

56
Q

🔅an infection by microorganism that usually does not cause disease but can become pathogenic in individuals with immuno-incompetency y can’t fight off infections

A

Opportunistic Infections

57
Q

🔹found in Polyomaviruses, early proteins

A

T-antigens (Tumor Antigens)

58
Q

Viruses y other infectious agents produce a variety of proteins y other macromolecules that are recognized by the host as foreign; these molecules give rise to specific immune responses called what?

A

Antigens

59
Q

Nucleotides from 5’ end of cellular mRNA is removed from host mRNA.

A

Cap Snatching Mechanism

Virology (3 decks)

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