ViroFinal Terms Flashcards
Applies to diseases that persist at a moderate y steady level WITHIN a given geographic area
Endemic
🔅is needed for RT to synthesize viral DNA. Is a template for DNA synthesis
HBV Pregenome mRNA
🔸mRNA that includes only part of the genome sequence of an RNA virus
Subgenomic mRNA
The illness or disease state
Morbidity
Refers to a worldwide epidemic
-AIDS is this all across disease
Pandemic
🔹In Paramyxovirus, mRNA synthesis is made by this (3 start codons y 3 stop codons)
Start-Stop mechanism
The disease causing agent
-HIV is the agent of AIDS
Etiological agent/pathogen
The timespan of when a patient experiences defined symptoms y signs of illness
Period of Ilness
An individual who harbors the virus but is not infected y can infect others.
Carrier
🔸is when the virus can’t be transmitted from the host. Humans are usually this. The virus can’t go out.
Dead-end host
A measure of morbidity. It is the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specific period in susceptible population
Incidence
🔹An illness that is caused by viruses such as Ebola that involves high fever, vascular damage leading to internal bleeding, and results in shock, which if left untreated can lead to organ failure and death.
Hemorrhagic fever
The site where the etiological agent lives, grows, y multiplies.
[can serve as a host for virus replication]
Reservoir
Is the 1st appearance of mild or nonspecific signs y symptoms of an illness.
Prodromal Period
🔸basic subunit of capsid protein
Capsomer
Defines how an infectious disease is spread or passed on.
[can be direct o indirect]
Modes of Transmission
🔅is dormant y can cause recurrent diseases y can become more serious than previous infection
(Example: chicken pox to shingles)
Latent Infection
An unusually high number of cases in excess of normal expectation of a similar illness in a community.
Epidemic
🔸a large protein that is cleaved into smaller proteins
Polyprotien
The time between infection with a virus y the onset of symptoms.
Incubation Period
It’s proteins mark invading pathogens or infected cells for destruction.
Complement
Refers to the separation of ill/infected person from healthy person
Isolation
The time span of when an infected person is contagious y can directly o indirectly infect another person.
Communicable Period
Viral proteins that mimic cytokines y cytokine receptors
Virokine
And Viroceptors
Specific antiviral Abs bound to virus particles y virus infected cells can also lead to engulfment or attack by macrophages leading to cell lysis, referred to what.
Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Proteins that protect cells against virus infection
are 1st line of defense against viruses
Interferons
🔅similar to viroids but are encapsulated by helper virus proteins
Viroid-like Satellite Virus
are involved in combating virus infections in plants y invertebrates
siRNA
Cleaves dsRNA making siRNAS and is a ribonuclease III enzyme
Dicer
siRNA molecules are bound by a collection of proteins known as?
RNA-induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
A substance added to a vaccine that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen
Adjuvant
This assay is used to screen large libraries of chemicals for their ability to inhibit virus replication in cultured cells
Cell based High Through Put Screen
🔅led to the eradication of smallpox. Results from obtaining the virus from an unnatural source, which reduces severity y decreases mortality
Variolation
Is the segregation of healthy ppl who are not ill but have been exposed to an infected individ with communicable disease from general population.
Quarantine
Viruses that are genetically modified to deliver y express either their own o foreign genes
Virus Vectors
🔹programmed cell death without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area
Apoptosis
What is the study of how diseases affect whole communities?
Epidemiology
🔹where the RNA can be either half positive or half negative
(Can be found in Bunyaviruses)
Ambisense Coding Strategy
🔹is the minor change of the H and N glycoproteins that results from the accumulation of point mutations of the enveloped glycoproteins [continuously]
Antigenic Drift
🔹Resembles viruses but are non infectious
Virus-like Particles
🔸refers to the number of infectious virus particles added per susceptible cell
M. O. I. (Multiplicity of Infection)
The inoculation of healthy people with antigenic material to stimulate the individual immune system to develop adaptive immunity to corresponding pathogen.
Vaccination
🔸nucleic acid + capsid
Nucleocapsid
🔸an object enclosed within a cell
Endosome
🔸a phage genome integrated into a site in the bacterial chromosome
Prophage
Cytotoxic pore-forming protein
Perforin
🔸an arthropod-borne virus that is transmitted by Arthropoda such as ticks mosquitos etc.
Aborvirus
🔅an integrated viral DNA copy in genome
Proviral DNA
🔅the material between the capsid y envelope
Tegument
🔅Produces multimeric concatemers of viral DNA
HSV Rolling Circle replication
A property provided by memory B y T cells that respond rapidly on re-exposure to the viral infection that originally induced them
Immune Memory
🔅An enzyme that hydrolyses RNA part in RNA-DNA hybrid but does not degrade unhybridized RNA
Ribonuclease H
The number of deaths correlated with disease are expressed in quantitative terms.
Mortality
🔅an infectious form of Hepatitis B virus
Dane Particle
Describes a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity.
Herd Immunity
🔅an infection by microorganism that usually does not cause disease but can become pathogenic in individuals with immuno-incompetency y can’t fight off infections
Opportunistic Infections
🔹found in Polyomaviruses, early proteins
T-antigens (Tumor Antigens)
Viruses y other infectious agents produce a variety of proteins y other macromolecules that are recognized by the host as foreign; these molecules give rise to specific immune responses called what?
Antigens
Nucleotides from 5’ end of cellular mRNA is removed from host mRNA.
Cap Snatching Mechanism
