Viral STDs

Question 1

The most common STD in the US is part of what family?

Answer 1

Papillomavirus (aka Papovavirus)

Question 2

What is the structure of the most common STD in the US?

Answer 2

DS DNA, naked, icosahedral

Question 3

What is the histological buzzword for the most common STD in the US?

Answer 3

koilocyte (raisinoid nucleus with perinuclear halo)

Question 4

HPV 6 and 11 most commonly cause?

Answer 4

Condylomata accuminata (genital warts)

Question 5

HPV 16 and 18 are most associated with?

Answer 5

cervical cancer

Question 6

What do condylomata accuminata look like?

Answer 6

Cauliflower

Question 7

What is the only big case when tumors can arise from HPV 6 and 11?

Answer 7

infant inhales the naked/tough virus from mom

risk for Laryngeal Papillomas

Question 8

How does HPV 16 lead to dysplastic change?

Answer 8

E6 protein
inhibits p53 (a tumor suppressor)

Question 9

Describe how loss of p53 as a result of HVP 16 can lead to dysplasia.

Answer 9

p53 is @ G1/S checkpoint
either induces enzymes that fix DNA or
induce apoptosis (hi bax, lo bcl2, less mitochondria stability, cytochrome c leaks out, cell dies)

Question 10

How does HPV 18 lead to dysplastic change?

Answer 10

E7 protein
damages Rb (tumor suppressor)

Question 11

What 2 things do we look for on pap smear?

Answer 11

Koilocytes/big nuclei

hi Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio

Question 12

Why are recurrences of HPV so common?

Answer 12

virus survives in basal epithelium

Question 13

What is the name of the vaccine for HPV?

Answer 13

Gardasil (3 doses)

Question 14

What type of vaccine is the one used for HPV?

Answer 14

protein (immunogenic ones)

Question 15

Gardasil is _________ and covers what serotypes of HPV?

Answer 15

quadravalent

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18

Question 16

Gardasil is a vaccine for use against a virus that has what basic characteristics?

Answer 16

DS DNA naked, icosahedral

Question 17

What is the second most common sexually transmitted DNA virus?

Answer 17

HSV-2

Question 18

What do we always think when talking about Herpesviridae?

Answer 18

DS DNA/enveloped/latency

Question 19

HSV1 is to _______ ganglia as HSV2 is to _____ ganglia

Answer 19

trigeminal

sacral

Question 20

Do viruses replicate or express proteins during latency?

Answer 20

NOOO (but viral DNA can be detected)

Question 21

Since HSV2 is a _______ virus, we know that it must be spread via _________

Answer 21

enveloped

direct contact (won’t survive outside host)

Question 22

HSV1 and 2 infections can be described as?

Answer 22

painful
itchy
loaded with virus

Question 23

What is the lovely term associated with HSV lesions?

Answer 23

dew drop on a rose petal

Question 24

What is the primary cause of re-activation of a latent viral infection?

Answer 24

drop in immune system (stress, UV light, trauma, hormones, spices)

Question 25

The DOC for many Herpesviridae infections is?

Answer 25

Acyclovir | HSV, VZV, EBV

Question 26

HSV has an enzyme called _________ which activates the drug __________

Answer 26

Thymidine kinase Acyclovir

Question 27

Patient presents with genital warts. Tzanck test is +. The drug given is a _________ analog

Answer 27

Guanosine analog (acyclovir)

Question 28

What is a Tzanck test looking for?

Answer 28

swab open sore, look for MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS (HSV1, 2, and VZV sores)

Question 29

The Tzanck test is looking for a cell that is caused by what viral enzyme?

Answer 29

fusion proteins (cause syncytia)

Question 30

What 2 families of virus carry a fusion protein?

Answer 30

Herpesviridae (DNA) | Paramyxovirus (RNA)

Question 31

What is the name of the intranuclear inclusion found in many Herpesviridae infected cells?

Answer 31

Cowdry type A inclusions

Question 32

The Poxviridae are all what?

Answer 32

DS linear DNA, enveloped

Question 33

Where do the Poxviridae replicate?

Answer 33

in the cytoplasm of host cell (has its own enzymes)

Question 34

What are the characteristics of the Retroviridae family?

Answer 34

diploid RNA ss +, enveloped (carries RT)

Question 35

The two viruses to note in the Retrovirus family have __________ effects on ________

Answer 35

opposite effects on T cells (HIV vs HTLV)

Question 36

The initial screening test for HIV is?

Answer 36

serologic: ELISA or latex particle agglutination

Question 37

Confirmation for HIV+ is done by?

Answer 37

Western blot or IF

Question 38

How do we detect HIV in the blood?

Answer 38

RT-PCR

Question 39

What is the main cause of HIV becoming drug resistant?

Answer 39

its reverse transcriptase

Question 40

What STD is part of the Poxviridae?

Answer 40

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 41

What does molluscum contagiosum look like on histo?

Answer 41

fish scales