Viral STDs Flashcards
The most common STD in the US is part of what family?
Papillomavirus (aka Papovavirus)
What is the structure of the most common STD in the US?
DS DNA, naked, icosahedral
What is the histological buzzword for the most common STD in the US?
koilocyte (raisinoid nucleus with perinuclear halo)
HPV 6 and 11 most commonly cause?
Condylomata accuminata (genital warts)
HPV 16 and 18 are most associated with?
cervical cancer
What do condylomata accuminata look like?
Cauliflower
What is the only big case when tumors can arise from HPV 6 and 11?
infant inhales the naked/tough virus from mom
risk for Laryngeal Papillomas
How does HPV 16 lead to dysplastic change?
E6 protein inhibits p53 (a tumor suppressor)
Describe how loss of p53 as a result of HVP 16 can lead to dysplasia.
p53 is @ G1/S checkpoint either induces enzymes that fix DNA or induce apoptosis (hi bax, lo bcl2, less mitochondria stability, cytochrome c leaks out, cell dies)
How does HPV 18 lead to dysplastic change?
E7 protein damages Rb (tumor suppressor)
What 2 things do we look for on pap smear?
Koilocytes/big nuclei
hi Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio
Why are recurrences of HPV so common?
virus survives in basal epithelium
What is the name of the vaccine for HPV?
Gardasil (3 doses)
What type of vaccine is the one used for HPV?
protein (immunogenic ones)
Gardasil is _________ and covers what serotypes of HPV?
quadravalent
HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Gardasil is a vaccine for use against a virus that has what basic characteristics?
DS DNA naked, icosahedral
What is the second most common sexually transmitted DNA virus?
HSV-2
What do we always think when talking about Herpesviridae?
DS DNA/enveloped/latency
HSV1 is to _______ ganglia as HSV2 is to _____ ganglia
trigeminal
sacral
Do viruses replicate or express proteins during latency?
NOOO (but viral DNA can be detected)
Since HSV2 is a _______ virus, we know that it must be spread via _________
enveloped
direct contact (won’t survive outside host)
HSV1 and 2 infections can be described as?
painful
itchy
loaded with virus
What is the lovely term associated with HSV lesions?
dew drop on a rose petal
What is the primary cause of re-activation of a latent viral infection?
drop in immune system (stress, UV light, trauma, hormones, spices)
The DOC for many Herpesviridae infections is?
Acyclovir
HSV, VZV, EBV
HSV has an enzyme called _________ which activates the drug __________
Thymidine kinase
Acyclovir
Patient presents with genital warts. Tzanck test is +. The drug given is a _________ analog
Guanosine analog (acyclovir)
What is a Tzanck test looking for?
swab open sore, look for MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS (HSV1, 2, and VZV sores)
The Tzanck test is looking for a cell that is caused by what viral enzyme?
fusion proteins (cause syncytia)
What 2 families of virus carry a fusion protein?
Herpesviridae (DNA)
Paramyxovirus (RNA)
What is the name of the intranuclear inclusion found in many Herpesviridae infected cells?
Cowdry type A inclusions
The Poxviridae are all what?
DS linear DNA, enveloped
Where do the Poxviridae replicate?
in the cytoplasm of host cell (has its own enzymes)
What are the characteristics of the Retroviridae family?
diploid RNA ss +, enveloped (carries RT)
The two viruses to note in the Retrovirus family have __________ effects on ________
opposite effects on T cells (HIV vs HTLV)
The initial screening test for HIV is?
serologic: ELISA or latex particle agglutination
Confirmation for HIV+ is done by?
Western blot or IF
How do we detect HIV in the blood?
RT-PCR
What is the main cause of HIV becoming drug resistant?
its reverse transcriptase
What STD is part of the Poxviridae?
Molluscum contagiosum
What does molluscum contagiosum look like on histo?
fish scales
