Viral infections in Primary care Flashcards
What are the common viral infections seen in primary care?
Influenza
HPV
Rotavirus
Human Herpesvirus
- Varicella Zoster virus
- Epstein Barr Virus
- Herpes zoster
- Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 1
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 2
Rhinovirus
HPV:
how is the disease spread?
- Viral infection that is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact
- Most people get genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact.
- linked to cervical cancer
Explain the 2 types of HPV.
Low-risk HPV:infection means that the individual doesn’t have symptoms & should disappear when the body builds immunity to the virus.
- No association w/ cancer but can lead to genital warts, common hand & foot warts.
- Serotypes 1 & 4 for feet, Serotypes 2, 3, 10 for fingers
High-risk HPV- infection can lead to dysplasia & certain types of cancer.
-Serotypes 16 & 18 accounts 70% of cervical cancer cases.
- cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer.
Management for HPV?
HPV vaccine:
Gardasil - protects against 6, 11 (genital warts) & 16, 18 (cervical cancer)
- only risk infection that has immunisation programme!
What is Human Herpesvirus (HHV)?
There are 8 HHVs
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2 -cause cold sores & genital herpes
- 6 causes Roseola Infantum - rash
- reactivated 6 or 7 causes Pityriasis Rosea - itchy but resolves self
contagious so can easily be spread from an individual to another.
Once you have HHV infection, will stay in body for life in a dormant form
What is rotavirus? Symptoms? Risk group? Management?
highly infectious stomach bug
Typically affects babies & young children
Symptoms:
- diarrhoea !
- vomiting
- tummy ache
- high temperature
Not killed by hand gel (only handwashing w/ warm water & soap) so a common infection in hospitals
What is the virus that causes Chicken pox?
Varicella zoster virus causes chicken pox in children
reactivated later via shingles (B).
Symptoms of Chicken pox?
- Fever
- Vesicular eruption (begins on mucosal surface)
- Rash progresses from small pink macules to vesicles to pustules w/in 24 hours.
- Dense on trunk & sparse on limbs
- Due to itching, secondary bacterial infection can occur.
What is Herpes Zoster?
- Shingles
- Varicella persists in its latent form
What is Epstein Barr Virus?
- Causes Infectious mononucleosis- also called Glandular fever
- Epstein-Barr virus (HHV 4).
- mostly spread through bodily fluids e.g. saliva.
- Infection start at oral epithelial cells- then spread to the B lymphocytes.
Symptoms of Epstein Barr virus?
- Severe pharyngitis
- Fever
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Lymphocytosis
- Headache
- Malaise
- Macular, petechial or erythema rashe
What is Cytomegalovirus?
- causes congenital infection.
- immunocompromised at risk of developing serious infection.
What are the types of Herpes Simplex virus?
Symptoms? Investigations? Treatment?
Herpes simplexvirus (HSV) type 1 or type 2
Symptoms of genital herpes:
- can be asymptomatic - or tingling & burning w/out lesions
- or recurrent genital ulcerations
- dysuria (in women)
- lymphadenopathy
Investigations = HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR), viral culture
Treatment - Aciclovir (an antiviral medication)
CWhat is rhinovirus? Symptoms? Treatment?
Causes common cold
Common in children
Also causes some sore throats, ear infections & infections of the sinuses
Symptoms :
- high temp (mild)
- runny nose
- cough
- decrease in appetite
- feel miserable
- red throat
- sore throat
- coryzal
- muscle ache
- headache
Note: no rash, throat or chest symptoms
Treatment:
- symptoms are mild & no antibiotics should be given
- focus on rest & hydration
