Viral Infections I Flashcards
What is the smallest of the microbes?
virus
What do viruses depend on in order to reproduce?
host cell
(human, animal, bacterial, plant)
Can viruses survive on inanimate objects?
YES
What are some vectors for viruses?
Mosquitos, ticks, bats
What are the three types of viruses?
DNA virus
Single stranded RNA virus
Retrovirus
How are DNA viruses classified?
they invade and replicate in host cell nucleus
How are single stranded RNA viruses classified?
they invade and replicate in host cytoplasm
How are retroviruses classified?
Use of reverse transcription to create a DNA copy of their RNA genome and inset it into the host cell- becomes a part of the host RNA
Describe a viruses pathophysiology
Virus attaches to host cell
Viral DNA or RNA then enters the host cell and replicates inside host cell
The host cell typically dies-releasing new viruses that move on to infect other host cells
Once a host cell is infected, is the virus able to lay dormant?
YES isnt that crazy? They can lay dormant and can reactivate at a later time
How are viruses transmitted?
Respiratory secretion (airborne droplets)
Enteric secretions (fecal-oral route)
Sexual contact (direct mucosal contact, semen/body fluids)
Blood (contaminated needles and blood products)
What kind of virus is Herpesvirus?
DNA virus
What family is the herpes virus in?
Herpesviridae
How many types of herpes are there that infect humans?
8
Can a herpes virus be latent in a host cell?
Yes, after an infection, herpesvirus can remain latent within specific host cells and reactivate at a later date
Can herpesvirus survive outside of a host?
nope!! not for long. transmission usually requires intimate contact
Can herpesvirus mutate host cells into a malignant cell?
YES, watch yaSELF
What are the 8 human Herpesvirus
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human Herpesvirus (HHV) 6-7
Human Herpesvirus (HHV) 8
which herpesvirus is only seen in AIDS patients?
Kaposi sarcoma
Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8
What herpesvirus often presents as a rash in little babies?
Roseola infantum
Human herpesvirus (HHV) 6-7
Where does HSV 1 typically present?
it affects the oral region
(ie herpes labialis, gingivotomatitis)
Where does HSV 2 typically present?
affects the genital region
What are some risk factors for contacting HSV?
Female
History of STDs
Multiple sexual partners
Contact with sex workers
WSW
How is HSV transmitted?
skin to skin contact
the fluid from the vesicles releases HSV but you are able to transmit the infection without actual presence of vesicles
Once you’re infected, it’s a lifelong thing
It may lay dormant for months or years