Viral II Review Flashcards
Q: What family does Hepatitis A, B, and C belong to?
A: Picornavirus, Hepadnavirus, Flavivirus respectively
Q: What is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma?
A: Hepatitis B
Q: What are the other two associations seen with HBV?
A: Polyarteritis Nodosa (Classic), serum sickness-like illness
Q: How do you treat active HBV?
A: IFN-alpha, and Lamivudine
Q: What cryoglobulinemia is associated with HCV?
A: Type II cryoglobulinemia
Q: What form of lichen planus has an association with HCV?
A: Mucosal ulcerative
Q: What skin manifestation of HCV resembles deficiency dermatoses?
A: Necrolytic acral erythema
Q: How do you treat chronic HCV?
A: IFN-alpha, ribavirin
Q: What is the classic association with Gianotti Crosti?
A: Hepatitis B
Q: What is the most common cause of Gianotti Crosti currently?
A: EBV
Q: What is another name for smallpox?
A: Variola Major
Q: How is smallpox transmitted?
A: respiratory route
Q: Where do the first lesions appear in smallpox?
A: palms and soles (centrifugal distribution)
Q: What is the progression of smallpox?
A: Erythematous macules (1-2), papules (2-4), vesicles and pustules (4-7), umbilicate and crust (5-15)
Q: T/F: There is a high fever that precedes the cutaneous eruption
A: True: Prodrome lasts 104 days > 101 degrees
Q: What histologic body do you see in smallpox?
A: Guarnier’s bodies
Q: How do you differentiate smallpox from chickenpox?
A: Smallpox follows a synchronous progression, whereas chickenpox has lesions in multiples stages of healing. There is no febrile prodrome that precedes the eruption in chickenpox.
Q: Vaccinia vaccination should never be given to what type of patient?
A: Atopic dermatitis – may develop eczema vaccinatum
Q: What are the vectors for monkeypox?
A: wild rodents and monkeys (prarie dogs in US).
Q: What disease do clinical lesions of monkeypox resemble?
A: Smallpox – except the lesions are seen in all stages of evolution
Q: What is the source of human infection seen in Cowpox?
A: Domestic Cat
Q: What are the diseases seen in parapoxvirus family and what do encode a homologue gene of?
A: Orf and Milker’s nodule – encode vascular endothelial growth factor
Q: Milker’s nodule is also known as?
A: Bovine papular stomatitis, pseudocowpox, also referred to as paravaccinia
Q: What are other names for Orf?
A: Ecthyma contagiosum, Scabby mouth disease
Q: What animals are responsible for transmission of Orf?
A: sheep, goats, oxen
Q: What is the treatment for both orf and milker’s nodule?
A: self limited – may use shave biopsy, or imiquimod
Q: Human tanapox, caused by Yatapoxvirus causes what type of eruption?
A: cheesy cyst like lesions
Q: What type of molluscum contagiosum is the most common in HIV?
A: MCV2
Q: What is the histologic body you see in MC?
A: Henderson Patterson inclusion bodies
Q: Giant MC is seen at what CD4 count in HIV patient?
A: Less than 50
Q: What viruses are included in Picornavirus group?
A: Enterovirus (poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus), rhinovirus, hepatovirus
Q: What picornoaviruses most commonly cause disease?
A: Coxsackie A, Echovirus 9 (most prevalent enterovirus), Enterovirus type 70 and 71
Q: What is the most common cause of Herpangina?
A: Coxsackievirus A (16,10,8); less commonly echovirus and enterovirus
Q: What is the clinical presentation seen with Herpangina?
A: 2 mm white-yellow papulovesicles in throat
Q: Hand-Foot and Mouth disease is caused by?
A: Coxsackie A16 or Enterovirus 71
Q: What was the cause reported of the boston exanthem disease?
A: Echovirus 16
Q: What type of virus is paramyxovirus and what are the diseases it causes?
A: RNA, parainfluenza, RSV, measles, mumps
Q: How are measles transmitted?
A: Respiratory droplets (highly contagious)
Q: What is the prodrome of measles?
A: 3 c’s: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Q: What are the oral lesions seen in measles?
A: Koplik spots
Q: What directional spread is seen in measles?
A: Cephalocaudal
Q: What is the treatment for measles?
A: High dose vitamin A
Q: What type of virus is Rubella?
A: RNA togavirus (paramyxovirus)
Q: How long does measles last?
A: 3 days
Q: What are clinical symptoms of rubella?
A: red painful eyes, especially on lateral and upward movement; rose pink macules, and arthritis and forscheimer’s sign
Q: What are the clinical findings seen in congenital rubella syndrome?
A: Congenital cataracts, cardiac defects, deafness, macrocephaly, glaucoma, purpura, blueberry muffin
Q: What illnesses does parvovirus cause?
A: Erythema infectiosum, gloves and socks syndrome, aplastic crisis in sickle cell and spherocytosis, chronic anemia, arthropathy, hydrops fetalis during pregnancy, and asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood
Q: What kind of virus is parvovirus?
A: single stranded DNA
Q: Are patients infectious when they have the slapped cheek appearance?
A: No, they have already stopped their viral shedding
Q: West nile fever is caused by?
A: Flavivirus
Q: What causes the spread of west nile fever?
A: Culex mosquito
Q: Sandfly fever is also known as? Vector?
A: Pappataci fever, and is caused by phlebotomus papatasii
Q: Dengue fever is also known as?
A: Break bone fever
Q: Dengue fever is spread by?
A: Aedes aegypti mosquito
Q: What are clinical symptoms?
A: high bi-phasic fever, HA, backache, retro-orbital pain, bone and joint pain, weakness, depression and malaise. “White islands in a sea of red”
Q: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is due to reinfection with?
A: A second serotype – there are 4 serotypes. Causes thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, extensive plasma leakage – 30% develop shock syndrome (only 1/3 of these patients will have skin manifestations)
Q: Chikungunya virus is what type of virus?
A: An alphavirus – transmitted by aedes mosquito
Q: HPV types that cause common warts? (not inclusive lists)
A: HPV 1, 2, 4
Q: HPV types that cause butcher warts
A: 7
Q: HPV types that cause pigmented warts (common in Japan)
A: 65
Q: HPV type of verruca plana?
A: HPV 3, 10
Q: HPV types that cause plantar warts
A: 1, 2, 4, 27
Q: HPV type that causes a ridged wart?
A: HPV 60
Q: HPV type that causes myrmecia?
A: HPV 1
Q: What are the high risk HPV types?
A: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45
Q: What are the low risk HPV types?
A: 6, 11
Q: Gardasil vaccine is effective against what HPV types?
A: HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18
Q: HPV type that causes bowenoid papulosis?
A: HPV 16, 18
Q: HPV type that causes erythroplasia of Queyrat?
A: HPV 16
Q: Giant condyloma accuminata causes a buschke Lowenstein tumor, which is considered a verrucous carcinoma. What is the HPV type associated with it?
A: HPV-6
Q: What are the other verrucous carcinomas?
A: Oral florid papillomatosis (6,11), Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (6,11), papillomatosis cutis carcinoides, epithelioma cuniculatum (16,2)
Q: What is the other name for oral florid papillomatosis and where does it occur?
A: Ackerman tumor, caused by HPV 6 or 11, and occurs in oral cavity and nasal sinuses. Believed to be promoted by smoking, irradiation, and chronic inflammation
Q: What is the HPV types associated with Heck’s disease?
A: HPV 13, 24, or 32
Q: What are the gene mutations seen in epidermodysplasia verruciformis and what HPV types?
A: EVER1 and EVER 2, associated with unique HPV 5, 8 (and 3,10 – but not unique)
Q: What do you need to be concerned about with EDV?
A: Progression to SCC (30-60% - sun exposed MC)
Q: HTLV causes what two diseases?
A: Adult t-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) and myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis
Q: What are the clinical features seen in ATLL?
A: LAD, hypercalcemia, erythematous papules, prurigo
Q: What are the four stages of HIV?
A: Acute infection (seroconversion – viral illness), long latent period, generalized lymphadenopathy, nonspecific symptoms
Q: At what CD4 count do you see oral hairy leukoplakia?
A: > 500 CD4+ cells/mm.
Q: What CD4 count do you see eosinophlic folliculitis at?
A: CD4 of 200
Q: What do you see in eosinophilic folliculitis, or Ofugi disease?
A: Urticarial follicular papules on upper trunk, face, scalp and neck with eosinophilia and hyper IgE
Q: Kaposi’s can be seen at what CD4 count?
A: Can be seen at any stage of HIV infection
