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Derm > Viral, fungal and parasitic skin infections > Flashcards

Viral, fungal and parasitic skin infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristic signs of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A

Primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions

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2
Q

Where are HSV eruptions most commonly found?

A

Orolabial and Genital regions

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3
Q

How do these hsv strains spread?

A

HSV-1: contact with contaminated secretions
HSV2: sexual contact

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4
Q

When do symptoms of HSV start?

A

3-7 days after exposure

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5
Q

What are HSV symptoms preceded by?

A

Malaise, general unwellness w/ lethargy
Anorexia,
Lymphadenopathy, swollen lymph nodes

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6
Q

Describe the vesicles in HSV

A

Painful vesicles with erythematous base, ulceration and crusting

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7
Q

What medical emergency cutaneous sign can be caused by HSV?

A

Eczema Herpeticum
can spread to the brain and cause fatal encephalitis

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8
Q

What are the systemic manifestations of HSV, and its prevalence?

A

Aseptic meningitis (up to 10%)

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9
Q

Orolabial vs genital symptoms

A

orolabial, often asymptomatic, painless
genital, painful and may lead to urinary retention

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10
Q

Describe the vesicles in eczema herpeticum

A

Monomorphic, punched out erosions

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11
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Infection of digits - causing pain and swelling
common in children and mistaken for dactylitis

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12
Q

What manifestation of HSV is more common in childbirth?

A

Neonatal HSV infection
vesicles localised in scalp/trunk

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13
Q

What are the complications of Neonatal HSV

A

Encephalitis, 50% mortality w/o treatment
survivors may have serious neuro deficits

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14
Q

Treatment for neonatal HSV

A

IV antivirals

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15
Q

Who can severe, chronic HSV affect?

A

Immunocompromised patients (HIV, transplants)

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16
Q

How to diagnose HSV

A

Swab for PCR

17
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

Oral acyclovir

18
Q

What are the four types of fungal infections?

A

Superficial, Deep, Disseminated, Opportunistic

19
Q

What is a superficial fungal infection most commonly found in adolescence?

A

Pityriasis Versicolor
caused by malessezia

20
Q

What are the cutaneous signs of pityriasis versicolor?

A

Hypo or hyperpigmented erythematous macular eruption
flares with high temp/humidity

21
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Fungi that feed on keratin

22
Q

What is the most common fungal agent?

A

Trichophyton Rubrum
causes Tinea pedis - athletes foot

23
Q

What is the main sign of trichophyton tonsurans?

A

Kerion - inflammatory fungal infection causing abscess of scalp
frq also infected with staph A.

24
Q

What is an Id reaction?

A

AKA dermatophyte infection
Inflammatory reactions distal to associated fungal infection

25
Q

What are the signs of an Id reaction?

A

Urticaria (hives), Dermatitis (eczema like)

26
Q

What is another superficial fungal infection commonly affecting intertriginous (skin folds) areas?

A

Candidiasis
caused by candida albicans

27
Q

What is candidiasis predisposed by

A

occlusion, moisture, warm temp, DM

28
Q

What are the cutaneous signs of candidiasis?

A

Erythema oedema, thin discharge in intetriginous areas

29
Q

What is an example of an opportunistic fungal infection?

A

Mucormycosis

30
Q

What is the presentation of mucormycosis?

A

Oedema, Pain, Eschar lesion (dry dead tissue, black crust)

31
Q

What is mucormycosis associated with?

A

Diabetes Mellitus, Neutropaenia, HIV (aka immunocompromised), burns, malnutrition

32
Q

What is the treatment for mucormycosis?

A

Aggressive debridement, Antifungal Therapy

33
Q

What is a contagious infestation cause by the Sarcoptes species?

A

Scabies

34
Q

How does Scabies spread?

A

Female sarcoptes mite lays eggs in upper epidermis and dies

35
Q

What are the cutaneous signs of Scabies?

A

Red pruritic papules in interdigital areas, Norwegian scabies (hyperkeratosis)
affects digits, axilla, genitals

36
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Oral ivermectin (antiparasitic)

Derm (4 decks)

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