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Pediatrics > Viral exanthems > Flashcards

Viral exanthems Flashcards

1
Q

Virus causing Rubeola (type, family)

A

measles virus
RNA
paramyxovirus

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2
Q

Describe presentation rubeola (measles)

A

prodrome of fever and 3Cs (coryza, cough, conjunctivitis)
then morbilliform eruption *starts on frontal hair line/post auricular areas. Cephalocaudal spread
Koplik spots: gray-white papules on buccal mucosa and may resolve prior to onset of rash

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3
Q

Complications of measles

A

myocarditis
encephalitis
SSPE (subacuse sclerosing panencephalitis; occurs years after infection)

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4
Q

Treatment for measles

A 
Vit A supplementation 
measles vaccine (given w/in 3 days of exposure)
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5
Q

When are kids immunized against measles?

A

2 doses at 12 -15 months and 2-4 years

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6
Q

How does rubella differ from measles (rubeola)

A

shorter and milder course; painful LAD

TORCH infection

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7
Q

Forcheimer’s spots

A

palatal petechiae a/w rubella

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8
Q

Virus causing erythema infectiousum

A

parvo B19

ssDNA

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9
Q

lab abnormality a/w parvo and pathophys

A

low Hgb; virus is tropic to bone marrow and replicates in RBC precursor cells –> causing transient anemia
** can cause aplastic crisis and pancytopenia in pts with pre-disposing conditions (i.e. sickle cell or other hemoglobinopathies)

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10
Q

presentation of parvo

A

prodrome of fever, myalgias, headache followed by exanthema 1-2.5 weeks later (no longer viremic/contagious when rash occurs)

  • slapped cheek rash (erythema of cheeks that spares central face
    • lacy, reticulated morbilliform rash favoring extremities
  • **a/w arthralgias w/ small joint predominance(MC in adult); not infectious at this stage
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11
Q

parvo infection effects on fetus

A

**highest risk if aquired before 20 weeks
hydrops fetalis
anemia
high output heart failure

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12
Q

what is papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome? and who gets it?

A

symmetric edema and erythema of palms and soles (may extend onto dorsal surface) due to parvo B19
a/w petechia and purpura with sharp demarcation at wrists and ankles
Young adults get it
**unlike erythema infectiousum, pts are viremic when they have rash

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13
Q

What virus causes exanthem subitum

A

HHV-6A and HHV-6B

DNA virus

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14
Q

who gets exanthem subitum

A

2-24 mo; MC in spring

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15
Q

presentation of exanthem subitum

A

very high fever for up to 5 days (+/- URI and LAD) - common cause of febrile seizures
Fever resolves as morbilliform eruption begins (favors trunk)
**benign course without sequelae

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16
Q

what are nagayama’s spots

A

red macules on soft palate and uvula

17
Q

virus implicated as pathogenic factor in development of DRESS? why?

A

HHV-6 (exanthem subitum)

virus remains latent in CD4 T cells (can be re-activated)

18
Q

virus causing HFM, seasonality?

A 
coxsackie A16 (lesser extenent A6 and enterovirus 71)
summer/fall
19
Q

how is HFM tranmitted

A

fecal/oral and respiratory

20
Q

presentation of HFM

A
  • vesicular eruption MC involving palms/soles/buttocks and oral cavity
  • erythematous macules and ovals with deep seated vesicles with bullae and gray center
  • oral lesions can be erosive
21
Q

Coxsackie A6 is a/w with what diseases?

A

HFM
eczema cosackium
gianotti crosti
onychomadesis

22
Q

another name for gianotti-crostii syndrome

A

papular acrodermatitis of childhood

23
Q

who gets gianotti-crostii

A

peak age 1-6 yo

seen after viral infection or sometimes vaccinations

24
Q

MC virus a/w gianotti-crostii (in US vs worldwide)

A

EBV in US

Hep B worldwide

25
Q

presentation of gianotti crostti

A

1-6 yo kid with symmetric, monomorphic skin colored to erythematous papules favoring cheeks, extremities and buttocks (sparing of chest, back, abdomen)
** takes 1-2 months to resolve

26
Q

presentation of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (aka asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood)

A

1-5 yo kids (usu female, usu spring) with UNILATERAL erythematous macules and papules beginning in axilla and lateral trunk (STATUE of LIBERTY SIGN)
resolves spontaneously in 3-6 weeks

27
Q

chronic/recurrent C albicans infections of skin/hair/nails (thrush, perleche, chronic paronychia, diaper derm/intertrigo, dental enamel hypoplasia) is cuased by what genetic mutation and a/w what syndrome

A

AIRE gene (mut causes failture of R cell tolerance with resultant autoimmunity)

APECED = autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome

Also def in IL-17

28
Q

Features of APECED

A

autoimmune (AA, vitiligo)
polyendocrinopathy (hypoparathyroidism)
candidiasis
ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (dental enamel hypoplasia)

pernicious anemia

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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