Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MHD II Test 4 > Viral Encephalitis > Flashcards

Viral Encephalitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define

  1. Encephalitis
  2. Myelitis
  3. Meningitis
A
  1. inflammation of parenchyma
  2. inflammation of white matter
  3. inflammation of meninges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Steps required for Neuronal Virus Infection (4)

A
  1. Enter the neuron at the axon, sensory terminal, or cell body, depending on the site of infection
  2. Transport the virus particle or subviral particle to the neuronal cell body where virus replication occurs (usually via microtubules)
  3. Replicate the virus genome
  4. Assemble virus particles that egress from the infected neuron in a directional manner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Modes of CNS entry for viruses

A
  1. olfactory nerve
  2. hematogenous via lungs
  3. endometrium or interstitial space
  4. intestinal tract –> blood
  5. bug bite –> blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Herpes

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. What does it infect/cause?
A
  1. all
  2. all
  3. all
  4. Focal CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Herpes

  1. What diseases can HSV cause?
  2. What is a unique method of entry to CNS?
  3. How serious is it?
  4. What brings viruses from peripheral sites to CNS?
A
  1. encephalittis, keratitis, mucocuteanous disease
  2. olfactory neurons
  3. Can be severe/fatal is untreated
  4. retrograde transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Herpes Simplex

  1. What does it usually do in neurons?
  2. What 2 things can it do rarely?
A
  1. usually latent
  2. can be transported to epithelia –> lesions
  3. can be transported to CNS –> lethal encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

  1. What can be given?
  2. How effective is it?
  3. What does peripheral blood show during CNS infections?
  4. What about CSF?
A
  1. acyclovir
  2. not very effective
  3. may not show any signs of inflammation
  4. often does, shows low glucose, high protein, neutrophils, RBCs, high proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enterovirus

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. What does it infect/cause?
A
  1. All
  2. Children
  3. Summer
  4. Paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enterovirus

  1. Pathogenesis (4)
  2. How many develop paralysis?
A
  1. virus ingested
  2. virus infects gut lymphoid tissue
  3. virus goes to regional lymph nodes –> blood –> through BBB –> spinal cord;
  4. virus excreted in feces
  5. <1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arbovirus

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. What does it infect/cause?
A
  1. Tropics
  2. Elderly (also immunocompromised)
  3. Summer
  4. Meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

West Nile Virus

  1. Type
  2. What % of infectiouns cause recognizable disease?
  3. Symptoms
  4. Reservoir
  5. Vector
A
  1. Arbovirus
  2. <1%
  3. fever, headache, stiff neck, disorientation, muscle weakness, paralysis (meningitis-like symptoms)
  4. Birds
  5. mosquitoes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Measles

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. What does it infect/cause?
  5. Why is it vaccinated?
A
  1. All
  2. Children
  3. All
  4. SSPE
  5. Has serious/deadly sequelae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Measles: Acute Postinfectious encephalitis

  1. Characteristic features
  2. Etiology
A
  1. no detectable virus; appears a short time after rash, perivascular inflammatory changes and demyelination
  2. postulated: autoimmune rxn against brain tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Measles: Acute Progressive infectious encephalitis

  1. Characteristic features
  2. Etiology
A
  1. presence of complete virus; cytolytic replication in brain tissue; inflammation
  2. nonrestricted virus replication due to absence of normal cell-bound immunity (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Measles: Subacute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis

  1. Characteristic features
  2. Etiology
A
  1. Develops many years after acute disease, presence of viral inclusion bodies in brain cells, inflammation, general destruction of brain tissue
  2. progressive dissemination of a defective virus infection in the presence of a normal immune response; no production of infectious extracellular particles (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rabies

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. What does it infect/cause?
A
  1. All
  2. All
  3. All
  4. Caused by animal bites
17
Q

Rabies

  1. general shape
  2. What is on the membrane?
  3. How dangerous is it?
  4. What are reservoirs?
A
  1. bullet
  2. G proteins (glycoproteins)
  3. uniformly fatal
  4. raccoon, skunk, bat
18
Q

Rabies Pathogenesis (8)

A
  1. inocculated via bite
  2. replicates in muscle
  3. virion enters peripheral nervous system
  4. passive ascent via sensory fibers
  5. replication in dorsal ganglion
  6. rapid ascent in spinal cord
  7. infection of spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and other brain structures
  8. descending infection via nervous system to eye, salivary glands, skin, and other organs; virus found in tears/saliva
19
Q

Rabies

  1. What prophylaxis is given? (2)
  2. When is it symptomatic?
  3. symptoms
A
  1. wound site is cleanred;
  2. passive immunity (Abs) given at wound site; can prevent infection if you stop it in the muscle
  3. when virus is in CNS
  4. fever, anorexia, N/V, hyperventilation, hypoxia, aphasia, pituitary dysfunction, hypoventilation, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrythmia, cardiac arrest, coma, pneumothorax, intravascular thrombosis, secondary infections
20
Q

Prions

  1. Geography
  2. Age affected
  3. Season
  4. Etiology
A
  1. All
  2. All
  3. All
  4. Proteinaceous, non-viral etiology
21
Q

Infectious Prion Encephalopathies (4)

A

Kuru
Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (using infected instruments in neurosurgery)
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS disease)
Fatal familial insomnia

22
Q

Kuru Disease

  1. How is it transmitted?
  2. What is seen on histo?
A
  1. canibalism of infected brain tissue

2. plaques in cerebellum, but not inflammation, no classical infectious material

23
Q

How do Prions differ from viruses?

A
  1. lack nucleic acid & defined morphology;
  2. can’t be disinfected by formaldehyde, proteases, heat, ionizing and UV radiation
  3. has a long incubation period
  4. lacks immune response, cytopathologic effect, interferon production, inflammatory response
24
Q

Prions

  1. What do they do to neurons?
  2. Symptoms
A
  1. cause vacuolation of neurons (spongiform), amyloid-like plaques, gliosis
  2. muscle control, shivering, tremors
25
Q

Prion Plaques: what happens?

A
  1. prion may cause correctly changed protein to refold into altered state
  2. altered proteins form aggregates
  3. aggregates accumulate in neurons

MHD II Test 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions