viral attack, reproduction, transmission and vaccines Flashcards
can viruses attack any animal and species?
Viruses are very specific as to which species they attack. humans very rarely share diseases with other animals. but it is possible. you can get your dog sick, and your dog can get you sick.
are viruses host specific?
yes. most viruses are only for certain species.
are Viruses carcinogenic? what does carcinogenic mean?
yes. viruses are carcinogenic. Once in the cell they can have a tendency to cause irreparable genetic damage that can lead to dancer.
what are some viruses that can cause cancer?
HPV can cause cervical cancer (only in women)
Hepatitis B & C and liver cancer
what are some ways viruses infect and transfer from people to people?
Bites, Physical contact, Body fluid and Mother to child are ways you can get infected.
how do viruses reproduce?
Viruses must have a living host cell to reproduce. Viruses insert their genetic information inside the host cell and use the host cell to make more virus particles.
Example: bacteriophages infect bacteria
Example: herpes simplex 1 infects lip cells
what is the process in which viruses reproduce.
the process is broken down into 2 pathways.
the pathways are the lytic, and the lysogenic cycle.
what is the lytic cycle?
the lytic cycle is a cycle in which viruses reproduce in their host cell.
1.Viral DNA (or RNA) is injected into host cell
Contains instructions needed to make more viruses
2. Host cell replicates viral DNA and makes the viral capsid (protein coat)
3. New viruses are assembled inside host cell
Cell bursts open releasing new viruses
4. Then repeats to the surrounding cells.
(look at notes for image)
what is a vaccine? what is its purpose?
vaccines hold An attenuated virus is weakened less vigorous virus. Attenuate refers to a procedures that weaken an agent of a disease (heating).
the Attenuated virus is capable of stimulating an immune response and creating immunity, but not causing illness. they create antibodies for the cells to use if that illness comes back.
(the COVID vaccine, instead of holding an attenuated version, it holds RNA of COVID, instead of just a weakened version of the virus)
what are some common virus vaccines?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Influenza (the flu)
Measles, mumps, rubella
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Rabies
Polio
Tetanus
Meningitis
Covid-19
how do you stop viruses from reproducing?
The only way to stop a virus is to stop it from replicating. kill the cell in which the virus is in.
