Viral and parasitic infection drugs

Question 1

What are 3 nucleoside analog drugs (generic and brand name)

Answer 1

1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
2. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
3. Ribavirin

Question 2

What does a viral drug typically end in (the name)

Answer 2

“vir”

Question 3

What is the MOA of the nucleoside analogs

Answer 3

The drug inserts a slightly different nucleotide analog (but still undetectable) into the growing DNA chain of the virus which stops DNA polymerase

Question 4

What are the nucleoside drugs used to treat

Answer 4

Herpes (cold sores, genital infections, encephalitis)

Question 5

Acyclovir

Answer 5

(AKA zovirax) The prototype of antiherpetic drugs. Most commonly used in genital herpe infections

Question 6

Which nucleoside analog has better oral bioavailability

Answer 6

Valacylovir (valtrex)

Question 7

What is the MOA of ribavirin

Answer 7

Interferes with mRNA

Question 8

What is ribavirin used to treat

Answer 8

Hantavirus, Hep C, (liver viruses)

Question 9

Which 2 nucleoside analogs are used to treat herpes

Answer 9

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir

Question 10

Which nucleoside analog is used to treat hep c or RSV infections (in children)

Answer 10

Ribavirin

Question 11

Name two protease inhibitors

Answer 11

1. Indinavir (Crixivan)

2. Saquinavir (invirase)

Question 12

MOA of protease inhibitors

Answer 12

The protease inhibitor drugs inhibit viral enzymes that usually aid in maturation. It results in the production of a noninfectious virion. (aspartyl protease)

Question 13

What are the protease inhibitors used to treat

Answer 13

HIV

Question 14

Indinavir

Answer 14

AKA Crixivan. Well absorbed, 60% unbound, needs acidic gastric environment for absorption. Cleared by the liver

Question 15

Saquinavir

Answer 15

AKA Invirase. Always given with ritonavir to maximize bioavailability.

Question 16

What drug is used for Influenza A prevention and treatment

Answer 16

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Question 17

What is the Brand name of amantadine

Answer 17

symmetrel

Question 18

What is the brand name of indinavir

Answer 18

crixivan

Question 19

What is the brand name of saquinavir

Answer 19

invirase

Question 20

MOA of amantadine

Answer 20

Blocks M2 ion channels (h+) which is needed for fusion of viral membrane with the host membrane

Question 21

MOA of oseltamivir

Answer 21

Blocks neuraminidase enzyme which is responsible for releasing newly formed virions into the host cell.

Question 22

What is the brand name for oseltamivir

Answer 22

Tamiflu

Question 23

What is Oseltamivir used to treat

Answer 23

Influenza A and B

Question 24

Name several drugs that are used to treat parasitic infections

Answer 24

1. Lindane (kwell)
2. Permethrin (elimite)
3. Pyrethrins (RID)
4. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
5. Albendazole (Albenza)

Question 25

What is lindane used for

Answer 25

1. Scabies | 2. Head lice

Question 26

Contraindications for using lindane

Answer 26

hypersensitivity, premature infancts, uncontrolled seizures

Question 27

Adverse effects of lindane

Answer 27

1. Neurotoxicity (seizures) 2. CNS (dizziness, burning) 3. Eczema, contact dermatitis

Question 28

What is Permethrin used for

Answer 28

1. Head lice 2. Opportunistic prevention in immunocompromised pts 3. STD

Question 29

Contraindications for using Permethrin

Answer 29

Hypersensitivity, not used on infants less than 2 months

Question 30

Adverse effects of Permethrin

Answer 30

1. Dermatologic (pruritis, erythema) | 2. Burning, stinging, numbness of scalp

Question 31

What is pyrethrin used for

Answer 31

head lice, body lice, pubic lice, and associated eggs

Question 32

What exactly is pyrethrin

Answer 32

The active ingredient of permethrin

Question 33

Adverse effects of pyrethrin

Answer 33

Burning, stinging, irritation

Question 34

What is metronidazole used for

Answer 34

1. Acute intestinal amebias 2. Anaerobic bacterial infections 3. Bone and joint infections 4. Endocarditis 5. CNS infections 6. Gynecologic infections (endometritis) 7. Surgical prophylaxis 8. TRICHOMONIASIS

Question 35

Contraindications of using metronidazole

Answer 35

hypersensitivity, pregnant women with trichomoniasis, alcohol. Or any pt that has used disulfiram within the last 2 weeks

Question 36

Adverse effects of metronidazole

Answer 36

1. CV - flattened T-wave, thrombophlebitis 2. CNS - headache 3. skin issues 4. GI - NVD 5. Vaginitis

Question 37

What is Albendazole used for

Answer 37

Parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by pork worms (Taenia solium)

Question 38

Adverse effects of albendazole

Answer 38

1. CNS - headache, dizziness, intracranial pressure 2. Hepatic LFT increase 3. Alopecia 4. GI - abd pain, NV