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Pharmacology 2 > Viral and parasitic infection drugs > Flashcards

Viral and parasitic infection drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 nucleoside analog drugs (generic and brand name)

A
  1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
  2. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
  3. Ribavirin
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2
Q

What does a viral drug typically end in (the name)

A

“vir”

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3
Q

What is the MOA of the nucleoside analogs

A

The drug inserts a slightly different nucleotide analog (but still undetectable) into the growing DNA chain of the virus which stops DNA polymerase

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4
Q

What are the nucleoside drugs used to treat

A

Herpes (cold sores, genital infections, encephalitis)

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5
Q

Acyclovir

A

(AKA zovirax) The prototype of antiherpetic drugs. Most commonly used in genital herpe infections

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6
Q

Which nucleoside analog has better oral bioavailability

A

Valacylovir (valtrex)

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7
Q

What is the MOA of ribavirin

A

Interferes with mRNA

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8
Q

What is ribavirin used to treat

A

Hantavirus, Hep C, (liver viruses)

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9
Q

Which 2 nucleoside analogs are used to treat herpes

A

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir

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10
Q

Which nucleoside analog is used to treat hep c or RSV infections (in children)

A

Ribavirin

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11
Q

Name two protease inhibitors

A
  1. Indinavir (Crixivan)

2. Saquinavir (invirase)

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12
Q

MOA of protease inhibitors

A

The protease inhibitor drugs inhibit viral enzymes that usually aid in maturation. It results in the production of a noninfectious virion. (aspartyl protease)

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13
Q

What are the protease inhibitors used to treat

A

HIV

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14
Q

Indinavir

A

AKA Crixivan. Well absorbed, 60% unbound, needs acidic gastric environment for absorption. Cleared by the liver

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15
Q

Saquinavir

A

AKA Invirase. Always given with ritonavir to maximize bioavailability.

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16
Q

What drug is used for Influenza A prevention and treatment

A

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

17
Q

What is the Brand name of amantadine

A

symmetrel

18
Q

What is the brand name of indinavir

A

crixivan

19
Q

What is the brand name of saquinavir

A

invirase

20
Q

MOA of amantadine

A

Blocks M2 ion channels (h+) which is needed for fusion of viral membrane with the host membrane

21
Q

MOA of oseltamivir

A

Blocks neuraminidase enzyme which is responsible for releasing newly formed virions into the host cell.

22
Q

What is the brand name for oseltamivir

A

Tamiflu

23
Q

What is Oseltamivir used to treat

A

Influenza A and B

24
Q

Name several drugs that are used to treat parasitic infections

A
  1. Lindane (kwell)
  2. Permethrin (elimite)
  3. Pyrethrins (RID)
  4. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
  5. Albendazole (Albenza)
25
Q

What is lindane used for

A
  1. Scabies

2. Head lice

26
Q

Contraindications for using lindane

A

hypersensitivity, premature infancts, uncontrolled seizures

27
Q

Adverse effects of lindane

A
  1. Neurotoxicity (seizures)
  2. CNS (dizziness, burning)
  3. Eczema, contact dermatitis
28
Q

What is Permethrin used for

A
  1. Head lice
  2. Opportunistic prevention in immunocompromised pts
  3. STD
29
Q

Contraindications for using Permethrin

A

Hypersensitivity, not used on infants less than 2 months

30
Q

Adverse effects of Permethrin

A
  1. Dermatologic (pruritis, erythema)

2. Burning, stinging, numbness of scalp

31
Q

What is pyrethrin used for

A

head lice, body lice, pubic lice, and associated eggs

32
Q

What exactly is pyrethrin

A

The active ingredient of permethrin

33
Q

Adverse effects of pyrethrin

A

Burning, stinging, irritation

34
Q

What is metronidazole used for

A
  1. Acute intestinal amebias
  2. Anaerobic bacterial infections
  3. Bone and joint infections
  4. Endocarditis
  5. CNS infections
  6. Gynecologic infections (endometritis)
  7. Surgical prophylaxis
  8. TRICHOMONIASIS
35
Q

Contraindications of using metronidazole

A

hypersensitivity, pregnant women with trichomoniasis, alcohol. Or any pt that has used disulfiram within the last 2 weeks

36
Q

Adverse effects of metronidazole

A
  1. CV - flattened T-wave, thrombophlebitis
  2. CNS - headache
  3. skin issues
  4. GI - NVD
  5. Vaginitis
37
Q

What is Albendazole used for

A

Parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by pork worms (Taenia solium)

38
Q

Adverse effects of albendazole

A
  1. CNS - headache, dizziness, intracranial pressure
  2. Hepatic LFT increase
  3. Alopecia
  4. GI - abd pain, NV

Pharmacology 2 (8 decks)

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