Viral and fungal DSA checkpoint Flashcards
- What is the most common clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis?
a. Lymphocutaneous infections
- How is sporotrichosis commonly transmitted?
a. Grows on plants and in the soil, gardeners
- Which pathogens can present clinically like sporotrichosis
a. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, especially M. marinum; nocardia infections; Leishmania brasilensis; tularemia
- What is an asteroid body? Which type of pathogens cause this phenomena?
a. Yeast are observed in patient samples with eosinophilis material radiating outwards, can occur with s. schenckii and other stuff
- If isolated from a patient biopsy, how does S. schenckii appear? How does the mold form appear?
a. Septate hyphae with conidia ballooning off the conidiophore
- Which condition predominantly determines if S. schenckii is in the mold or yeast form?
a. Temp?
- What are some of the general characteristics of Parvoviridae?
a. Non-enveloped, icosahedral virus, store genetic info as SS linear DNA
- What type of cells does parvovirus B19 preferentially replicate in?
a. Primarily in immature cells in erythroid lineage
- Which childhood disease is caused by parvovirus B19? How are the clinical manifestations of parvovirus B19 different in adults compared to children?
Fifths disease (erythema infectiosum)
i. Flu-like symptoms, children with facial rash
ii. Adults get arthralgia and arthritis
- Which autoimmune disease does parvovirus infections sometimes mimic in adults?
a. RA
- What are the consequences of parvovirus infections in patients with RBC diseases or severe immunodeficiencies? What about infections during pregnancy?
a. Aplastic crisis
b. Hydrops fetalis
- What are some of the common characteristics of herpesviruses?
a. Linear, DS DNA, enveloped virions are icosahedral
- In which type of cells do herpesviruses establish latent infections?
a. Neurons, peripheral sensory nerves
- Which type of molecules on host cells do herpesviruses use to enter?
a. Binding gags from immunoglobulin superfamily
- Where does the envelope of herpesviruses come from?
a. Pinching off a segment of the nuclear membrane
- What are some of the diseases commonly associated with HSV-1? HSV-2?
a. Gingivostomatitis, genital herpes, herpetic keratitis, neonatal herpes, herpetic whitlow, disseminated herpes infections, encephalitis
- What are two common complications of genital herpes?
a. Aseptic meningitis and extragenital lesions
- What are some of the ways neonatal herpes is contracted and what are some common symptoms of the disease?
a. Directly cross the placental barrier or during vaginal births
b. Skin lesions and encephalitis
- Which HSV species commonly causes herpes gladiatorum? Who are the at risk groups?
a. HSV-1 wrestlers, MMA fighters
- What is the most common cause of fatal sporadic viral encephalitis in the US?
a. HSV-1
- Which two disease are most commonly associated with varicella-zoster virus?
a. Chicken pox and shingles
- What are some common complications of infections with varicella-zoster virus?
a. Encephalitis, pneumonia, and disseminated infections
- In which system are the enteroviruses commonly isolated and how are they commonly spread?
a. GI
- Which enterovirus is the most common cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
a. Coxsackievirus A16 and B1
b. Enterovirus 71
- Which times of year are enterovirus outbreaks the most common?
a. Summer and fall