Vir- Mid term Stuff Flashcards
What is the major source / vector for cattle rabies in North America?
Skunk rabies
What is the viral family of Rabies?
Rhabdoviridae
How is it clinically relevant for antibody tests and vaccines that all rabies variants (genotypes) have the same serotype?
Can test for all rabies variants with the same antibody test and one vaccine covers all rabies variants.
What is the rabies reservoir in North America?
Wildlife- foxes, skunks, raccoons, insectivorous bats.
What is the genus name for rabies virus?
Lyssavirus
What is the vaccine target for rabies?
G codes for glycoprotein trimers.
What disease category is rabies virus?
CNS disease
What two other species of Lyssa virus have been associated with human rabies?
Duvenhage and EBL-2
What is the main rabies vector for humans and cattle in South America?
Vampire bats
What is the virus strain used for food drop vaccination in North American wildlife?
Adenovirus vectored rabies vaccine - ONRAB
What are the conditions in a bat cave that contribute to the high viral load in the bat population?
Bat caves are: humid, no UV, aerosol spread.
Can be transmitted to people in the bat cave who have no history of animal bites.
Other than bat caves, what is the other non-bite means of contracting rabies?
Organ transplant. Eg heart from dead raccoon trapper passed rabies on to the heart recipient.
Where does the rabies virus replicate?
Site of inoculation in striated muscle or connective tissue.
How does the rabies virus enter the peripheral nerve?
Through the neuromuscular junction.
Where does the rabies virus go after entering the peripheral nerve and what is this motion called?
Moves to the CNS centripetally.
What are the clinical findings that you would expect to see in the CNS that are absent in a rabies infected individual?
No inflammation or cytopathology.
What is the typical incubation time for rabies virus and for how long can it potentially incubate?
14 - 90 days, up to a few years.
What are the two clinical forms of rabies?
Furious and Dumb.
What are the clinical signs of rabies in the furious form and what animal population is it normally seen in?
Normally seen in dogs, cats, horses and wild animals. Goes to the limbic system.
Typically presents with aggressive behavior, nervous, restless, no fear to humans, tendency to bite everything. Cannot swallow and excessive salivation lead to drooling. Change in sound of bark as pharyngeal muscles become affected. Exaggerated responses to light and sound.
Where does the virus move to from the CNS and what is this movement called?
Moves to other organs and to the salivary gland in a centrifugal motion.
This can occur days before clinical signs are evident. (Reason for long quarantine time in suspected rabies cases).
What are the clinical signs of rabies in the dumb form and what animal population is this normally seen in?
Replication in the neocortex results in paralytic signs such as ataxia, throat paralysis, inability to swallow, profuse salivation (drooling) leading to full paralysis, coma and death.
What precaution should you take when examining the mouth of an infected rabies patient?
Wear gloves for the exam.
What are the main signs of rabies in the wildlife population?
Loss of fear of humans and atypical species behavior.
What is the terminal progression of rabies disease and how long before death?
Convulsive seizures, coma and respiratory arrest. Death usually occurs 2-14 days after the onset of clinical symptoms.
