Violence In Sports Flashcards
Aggression
Verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate control or do harm to another person.
Aggression is often involved and violence but violence may occur inadvertently or carelessly without aggressive intent
Intimidation
Words gestures and actions that threaten violence or aggression
Like aggression intimidation is used to dominate or control another person
Social historians also point out that rates of violence in sports do not automatically decrease overtime
True
Athletes may be marginalized or punished by other athletes in their sports and if they engage in quasi-criminal or criminal violence
True
Commercialization has never been the primary cause of violence in sports
True
In heavy contact sports their participation involves a complex and intense mixture of passion pleasure violence anxiety fear and pain that creates unique experiences for them
This mixture of elements is wings to the desire to dominate and control others and disrupt an opponents desire to do the same
Enduring violence for the sake of the game creates special bonds of mutual respect between athletes
These bonds anchor and reaffirm their identities and infuse special meaning into their lives
Boys discovered that if they play the sports and others see them as being able to do violence they can avoid labels such as pussy girl Fag wimp and Sissy
When women do violence in sports it may be also seen as a sign of commitment or skill but is not seen as proof of femininity
Private programs exquisite many girls and women who would enjoy a local park and recreation funded sports the boys enjoyed from the 1950s through the early 1980s
True
Data at all levels of competition show that women are severely underrepresented in coaching and administration jobs especially at the highest levels of power in sports
Power and performance sports emphasize sex difference in terms of physical strength control through domination and status as a reward for physical conquests
True
Violence is also incorporated into game strategies when coaches use players as designated agents of intimidation and violence for their teams
These players are called enforcers goons and hitman and they are expected to protect teammates and strategically assess their teams by intimidating provoking fighting with or injuring opponents
Players who act as enforcers are paid primarily for their ability and willingness to do violence
Brutal body contact is the most difficult type of violence to control. It is grounded in the culture of power and performance sports and it’s incorporation of dominant gender ideology
90% of the serious injuries in these sports occur within the rules of the game and contests
This means that many men inevitably pay the price for their destructive definitions of sports and masculinity
Spectators have often used violence on the field as an indicator of player commitment and dedication a sign of their willingness to put their bodies on the line for the sake of team pride and victory
For this reason brutal body contact and borderline violence have been used by players and perceived by spectators as necessary for achieving victories and championships
If the social world formed around a sport promotes a mindset and norms emphasizing nonviolence self-control respect for self and others physical fitness patients responsibility and humility then athletes may learn to control violent behavior off the field
Those most likely to benefit seem to be young men who lack structured challenges and firm guidance as they navigate their way through lives in which there are many incentives to engage in violence
Combat sports often emphasize hostility physical domination and a willingness to use ones body as a weapon
True
Violence
The use of excessive physical force which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction
When male athletes and engage in physical assaults off the field they are most likely to target people who they define as unworthy of their respect
True
There is no systematic evidence that spectators are unprecedented threats to the social order or signs of the decline of civilization as we know it
Spectators were much more violent in the past than they are today
Frustration riots are rare and less common than celebratory riots
True
Emotional contagion
A process through which social norms are formed rapidly and are followed in a nearly spontaneous manner by large numbers of people
Research shows that spectator violence is associated with perceived violence on the field of play
True
Terrorism
A special form of violence designed to intimidate a target population of people for the purpose of achieving political or social goals
Terrorists do not usually target sport events terrorism has occurred at very few of these events
True
