Violence Flashcards
What is pacifism
The belief that all forms are violence are wrong
Why might someone be a pacifist
Religious faith and practical belief that war is wasteful and ineffective
What is the Hindu belief about pacifism
War is not always forbidden because if you are a soldier it is your duty to kill and fight. However, Gandhi thought victory could be gained without violence
Buddhist belief about pacifism
Buddhists also believe in ahimsa and believe they shouldn’t do anything that harms life because it will result in bad karma. It also breaks the first moral precept and could result in bad rebirth (samsara)
Christian beliefs about pacifism
Jesus spoke a lot about peace and taught people not to fight back if someone hurts you ( “turn the other cheek” ). Peacemakers are considered to be part of God’s family
Atheist belief on pacifism
It shouldn’t be needed to believe human life has great value and it should be protected. War only benefits the rich and powerful while civilians suffer
Consequences of war
Deaths, destroyed land and poor economy
What does Agapate mean and what is its origin
Greek work for unconditional love
Who was Bonhoeffer
Bonhoeffer was German and opposed Nazi beliefs. He publicised these by speaking in a radio, asking for people to pray for defeat of Germany and creating a secret church. Bonhoeffer went to America to study but came back because he felt it was his duty to help. He was a double agent and worked with operation Valkyrie but he was caught and executed April 3 1945, a week before Hitler committed suicide.
Who was Noor Inayat Khan
She was a Sufi Muslim and pacifist. She joined the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force as a wireless operator and was recruited as a member of SOE but she had to learn skills against her pacifist beliefs such as bomb making and using weapons. She worked as a wireless operator (morse code) in France and had to change location all the time otherwise the Nazis would detect her signals, especially because she was the last wireless operator.She was undercover as a nurse called Madeline but she worked with a double agent and still survived. Renée Gory betrayed Noor and revealed her location out of jealousy. Her expectancy was 6 weeks but she lasted 4 months
What are the knifes Sikhs carry
Sikhs carry a Kirpan (a blunt knife)
What was Noor Khan awarded after her death and what were her last words
Her last word was “Liberté” and she was awarded the George cross (highest civilian honor in Britain) and a plaque in Dachau (the concentration camp in which she died in)
What are Sikh beliefs on violence
The Kirpan is one of the 5Ks of Sikhism and it reminds Sikhs that it’s their duty to fight against evil but it should never be used to attack people. However, if all peaceful ways have failed fighting may be the only way and that’s why one if the symbols of Sikhism is a sword.
What is the Khanda
A Sikh symbol which shows what is important to a Sikh. The right hand sword (Piri) represents spirituality. The left hand sword (Miri) reminds Sikhs of their willingness to fight for what is right. The double edged sword (Khanda) united the other two swords and reminds Sikhs there is only one god. The circle (Chakkhar) represent eternal love and nature of God.
What is the Dharam Yudh
It is a list of rules and translates to war in the defence of righteousness.
- War must be last resort
- Motive shouldn’t be revenge
- Army must be disciplined
- Army must not include mercenaries
- Only minimum force should be used
- Civilians must not be harmed
- No looting
- Places of worship shouldn’t be damaged
- Soldiers who surrender shouldn’t be harmed
What was Muhammad Ali and what does it mean
A conscientious objector and it means to not believe in participating in war.
What did Muhammad Ali do to America and what was the consequence
Muhammad Ali refused to take part in the American Vietnamese War so he had to pay a 10,000 dollar fine, sentenced to 5 years of prison, stripped of heavy weight title/ medals and boxing licence was suspended for three years
Which peacemaker supported Muhammad Ali’s choice
Martin Luther King
Disprove this point “Muhammad Ali is a hypocrite to be a boxer but refuse to join the army”
He is a conscientious objector, meaning he believes in not participating in war, especially that Vietnam has done nothing to harm him but America has been racist. In addition, boxing has a controlled manner with a list of rules and a referee. However, majority of the time in war, soldiers are undisciplined and inflict more harm than needed
Who made the Just War theory
Saint Thomas Aquinas
What are the rules of the Just War theory
- War must be fought by a recognised authority
- The cause of the war must be just
- The war must be fought with intentions to correct evil or establish good
- Must be a reasonable chance of success
- War must be the last resort
- Only sufficient force and civilians must not be involved
What religion is the Dharam Yudh
Sikhism
