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CIB Modules - 2024 > Violence > Flashcards

Violence Flashcards

1
Q

Wounding with Intent (GBH). Act and section

A

Crimes act 1961 section 188(1)

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2
Q

Wounding with intent (injure) act and section

A

Crimes act 1961 section 188(2)

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3
Q

Elements of: Crimes act 1961 section 188(1)

A

Wounding with intent (GBH)

  • With intent to cause GBH
  • to any one
  • wounds, maims, disfigures, causes GBH
  • to any person
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4
Q

Elements of: Crimes Act 1961 Section 188(2)

A

Wounding with Intent (injures)

  • with intent to injure anyone OR with reckless disregard to for the safety of others
  • wounds, maims, disfigures, causes GBH
  • to any person
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5
Q

Intent - 2 specific types of intent

Related case law

A
  • intent to commit the act
  • intention to get a specific result

R v collister

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6
Q

Circumstantial evidence from which an offenders intent may be inferred

A
  • Prior threats
  • Premeditation
  • The use of a weapon
  • If any weapon was used, was
    opportunistic or purposely brought
  • The number of blows
  • The degree of force used
  • Body parts targeted
  • Degree of resistance or helplessness from the victim
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7
Q

R v Taisalika

A

Re: intent

The nature of the blow, and the gash which it produced would point strongly to the presence of necessary intent

(Polynesian guy hitting someone with a machete)

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8
Q

GBH definition

Related case law

A

Harm that is really serious

DPP v Smith

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9
Q

DPP v SMITH

A

Re; GBH

“Bodily harm” needs no explanation and “grievous” means no more and no less than “really serious”

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10
Q

Bodily harm includes psychiatric injury, but does not include…

A

Mere emotions such as fear, distress, panic or a hysterical or nervous condition

R v chan fook

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11
Q

R v Waters

A

Re; wounds
(“Wounding waters”, water - flowing - blood flowing)

Wounding involves the parting or breaking of the skin causing blood to flow

Internal or external

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12
Q

Wound - definition

Related case law

A

Wound is the parting or breaking of skin, causing the blood to flow

R v Waters

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13
Q

Difference between wounding and GBH

A

Wound/maims/disfigures referred to the type of injury caused

Grievous refers to the degree or seriousness of the injury

(Page 11)

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14
Q

Maims definition

A

Depriving another of the use of their members/limbs (mutilating, crippling, or disabling)

Rendering them less able to fight or defend them self

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15
Q

Disfigure definition

Related case law

A

Deform, deface or alter appearance

Does not need to be permanent

R v Rapana and Murray

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16
Q

R v Rapana and Murray

A

Re; disfigures

Disfigure covers not only permanent damage but also temporary damage

(2 guys (R&M) dipping someone’s hand into hot oil - temporarily disfigured but able to be fixed with skin grafts)

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17
Q

Doctrine of transferred malice

A

The person suffering the harm does not need to be the person the defendant intended to harm

Still criminally responsible

R v hunt

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18
Q

Injure definition

Related case law

A

To cause actual bodily harm

Internal or external and doesn’t need to be permanent or dangerous

R v Donovan

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19
Q

R v Donovan

A

Any hurt or injury that interferes with the health or comfort of the victim.

More than trifling or transitory

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20
Q

Reckless definition

Related caselaw

A

Conscious and deliberate undertaking of unjustified risk

Cameron v R

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21
Q

Cameron v R

A

Re; reckless

The defendant recognize real possibility that the actions would bring about prescribed result, and the prescribed circumstances existed. And, having regard to that risk, those actions were unreasonable.

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22
Q

Injuring with intent (GBH) act and section

A

Crimes act, section 189 (1)

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23
Q

Crimes act section 189(1) elements

A

Injuring with intent (GBH

-With intent to cause grievous bodily harm
-To any person
-injures
-Any person

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24
Q

Injuring with intent (reckless) act and section

A

Crime act, section 189(2)

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25
Q

Crimes act section 189(2) elements

A

Injuring with intent (reckless)

-with intent to injure any person OR with reckless disregard for the safety of others
-injures
-Any person

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26
Q

Aggravated wounding - act and section

A

Crimes act 1961 section 191(1)

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27
Q

Crimes act 1961 section 191(1) elements

A

Aggravated wounding

-with intent
- (a) to commit facilitate the commission of any imprisonable offense OR
- (b) to avoid the detection of himself, or of any other person in the commission of any imprisonable offense OR
- (c) to avoid the arrest or facilitate the flight of himself or any other person upon the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offence
-Wounds or maims or disfigures or causes grievous bodily harm to any person or stupefy or renders unconscious any person, or by any violent means renders any person incapable of resistance

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28
Q

Aggravate definition

A

To make worse or more serious

The offending is aggravated by the fact that the offender caused harm to the victim, and the process of committing some other offense

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29
Q

R v Tihi

(Twofold test for intent )

A

Re; aggravated

Intention to commit an imprisonable offense

Intention to cause specified harm or foresaw their actions were likely to cause harm

(Teehee laughing - tent skit in Austin powers, 2 x in”tents”)

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30
Q

Facilitate definition

A

To make possible or to make easy or easier

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31
Q

R v Wati

A

Re; aggravated wounding

They must be proof of the attempt or commission of the crime by the person committing the assault

(Wati = what is the offence?)

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32
Q

Stupefies definition

Related case law

A

To cause an effect on the mind, or nervous system of a person which really seriously interferes with that person‘s mental or physical ability

To make stupid
Dull the senses
Make groggy

R v Sturm

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33
Q

R v Sturm

A

Re; facilitate

  • must prove that an imprisonable offense was committed

Re; stupefies

Cause an effect on mind and nervous system, which seriously interferes with the mental/physical ability

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34
Q

“Violent means” definition

Related case law

A

Physical application of force, may include threat of violence

R v Crossan

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35
Q

R v Crossan

(Robbery)

A

Re; violent means

Incapable of resistance includes powerlessness of the will as well as physical incapacity

Eg - holding a gun to head and threats to shoot if you don’t comply

(Crossan - don’t cross me = scared - powerlessness)

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36
Q

Aggravated assault act and section (person)

A

Crimes act section 192(1)

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37
Q

Crimes act section 192(1) elements

A

Aggravated assault

  • with intent
  • (a) to commit or facilitate the commission of any imprisonable offense OR
    -(b) to avoid the detection of himself or of any other person in the commission of any imprisonable offense
  • (c) to avoid the arrest, or facilitate the flight of himself, or of any other person upon the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offence
  • assaults any person
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38
Q

Aggravated assault act and section (constable)

A

Crimes act section 192(2)

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39
Q

Crimes act section 192(2) elements

A

Aggravated assault (constable)

  • Assaults
  • any constable or any person a ting in aid of any constable or any person in the lawful execution or any process
  • with intent to obstruct the person
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40
Q

Discharging a firearm, or doing dangerous act with intent - act and section

A

Crimes act 1961 section 198(1) a b or c

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41
Q

Crimes act section 198(1) elements

A

Discharging firearm, or doing dangerous act with intent

  • With intent to do GBH
  • (a) discharges, any firearm, airgun, or other similar weapon at any person OR
  • (b) sends, or delivers to any person, or put in any place, any explosive or injurious substance or device OR
  • (c) set fire to any property
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42
Q

R v Pekepo

A

Re; firearms intent

Must establish an intention to shoot a person

A reckless discharge of a firearm in the general direction of a passerby who happens to be hit, is not sufficient proof

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43
Q

Discharge definition

A

To fire or to shoot

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44
Q

Firearm definition

A

Anything from which any shot bullet missile or other projectile can be discharged by force of explosive

Includes anything adapted repaired dismantled, and dangerous airgun

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45
Q

Airgun definition

A

Anything from which compressed air or gas is used to discharge any shot bullet missile or other projectile

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46
Q

Explosive definition

A

Substance or mixture or combination, which, in its normal State is capable of decomposition at such rapid rates, as to result in an explosion or pyrotechnic effect

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47
Q

Injurious substance definition

A

Something capable of causing injury, or harm to a person

Eg - anthrax powder

Offense complete when an explosive or injurious substance is sent/delivered etc

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48
Q

R v collister

A

Surrounding circumstances, actions, words, and nature of the act can point towards intent

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49
Q

Using any firearm against law, enforcement officer, etc. Act and section

(Constable etc)

A

Crimes act section 198A (1)

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50
Q

Crimes act section 198A(1) elements

A

Using any firearm against enforcement officer, etc.

  • Uses any firearm in any manner whatever
  • Against any
    .. constable
    .. traffic officer
    .. prison Officer
    -Acting in the course of his or her duty
    -knowing that, being reckless whether or not that the person is a constable traffic officer, prison officer, so acting
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51
Q

Using any firearm against law enforcement officer etc act and section

Avoid..

A

Crimes act 1961 section 198A(2)

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52
Q

Crimes act 1961 section 198A(2) elements

A

Using any firearm against law enforcement etc

  • uses any firearm in any manner whatever
  • with intent to resist the lawful arrest or detention of himself/herself/any other person

Fisher v r

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53
Q

Police v Parker

A

Re; firearms, whatever manner

Short of actually firing the weapon .

To use the firearm in a manner that it’s not normally used. (Eg using it to hit someone over the head)

(Parker - parking manner - manner used)

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54
Q

R v swain

A

Re; firearm; uses in any manner whatever

To deliberately or purposely remove a sawn off shotgun from a bag after being confronted by or called upon by a police constable amounts to a use

(Swain don’t be a pain)

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55
Q

Fisher v R

A

Re; intent to resist arrest

It must be proved that they knew an attempt was being made to arrest/detain him/her
(Men’s rea)

(Fish - catch a fish)

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56
Q

Commission of an imprisonable offense with a firearm - act and section
(Uses)

A

Crimes act 1961 section 198B(1)(a)

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57
Q

Crimes act section 198B(1)(a) elements

A

Commission of an impris offense with a firearm

  • in committing any imprisonable offense
  • uses any firearm
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58
Q

Commission of a imprisonable offense with a firearm act and section

(Has with)

A

Crimes act 1961 section 198B(1)(b)

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59
Q

Crimes act 1961 section 198B(1)(b) elements

A

Commission of inpris offense with a firearm

  • while committing any imprisonable offense
  • has any firearm with him or her
  • in circumstances that prima facie shows an intention to use it in connection with that imprisonable offense
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60
Q

“Uses any firearm” includes..

A

Firing or presenting a firearm, or displaying it in a menacing manner

(does not extent to the use of a firearm as a club, like when accompanied by “any manner whatever”)

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61
Q

Explain “Has with him” in regards to firearms

Related case law

A

Offender must knowingly have the firearm with them, mere possession is not enough

Knowingly had custody or control of it, available and at hand to use while committing offense

R v cox
R v kelt - must knowingly have firearm with them. Very close physical link and control

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62
Q

R v Cox

A

Re; possession

Physical element: custody or control over item

Mental element: knowledge and intention to use

Re; consent

Consent must be full, voluntary, free and informed

63
Q

“Prima facie” definition

Related case law

A

Means at first appearance

Tuli v Police

64
Q

Tuli v Police

A

Re; firearms, prima facie

Prima facie circumstances are those which are sufficient to show or establish an intent

(Tuli - facie)

65
Q

Pistol

A

Any firearm that is designed or adapted to be held and fired with one hand

Includes firearms less that 762mm in length

66
Q

Restricted weapon

A

Any weapon (firearm or not) declared by the governor general to be a restricted weapon

67
Q

Robbery act and section

A

Crimes act section 234(1)

68
Q

Crimes act section 234(1) elements

A

Robbery

  • theft
  • accompanied by violence OR accompanied by threats of violence (r v maihi)
  • to any person or property
  • used to extort the property stolen OR to prevent or overcome resistance to it being stolen
69
Q

“Theft” elements

A
  • dishonestly
  • without claim of right (r v skivington)
  • takes (r v lapier)
  • any property
  • with intent to permanently deprive
70
Q

“Dishonestly” definition

A

Re: theft

Without implied consent or authority

An act or omission done without a belief that there was implied consent to or authority for the act, from a person entitled to give consent or authority

71
Q

“Without claim of right” definition

Related case law

A

Re theft

No propriety or possessory right to the property

R v skivington

72
Q

R v skivington

A

Re; claim of right

Need to prove that the defendant had no claim of right over the property

73
Q

“Takes” definition

Related case law

A

Taking is complete when property is moved. When property is “taken” you don’t obtain ownership.

R v lapier

74
Q

R v lapier

A

Re; takes (theft)

Robbery is complete when the property is taken, even if only held momentarily

(Lapier = robber takes phone and puts it on his lap, when he rides his bike away, it falls off his lap. Still robbery as he’s taken it but lost it when it fell of his lap)

75
Q

“Property” definition

A

Real and personal property. And any estate or interest in any real or personal property. (Money, electricity)

76
Q

R v Maihi

A

Re; accompanied by violence (robbery)

There must be a connection and link between the violence/threats AND the stealing of the property

Does not require that the act of stealing and threat of violence be contemporaneous

(Maihi = MAY I HIt you - connect and link)

77
Q

“Violence” must involve..

Related case law

A

More than a minimal degree of force and more than a technical assault, but doesn’t have to involve the infliction of bodily injury

Peneha v police

78
Q

Peneha v Police

A

Re; violence - robbery

The defendants actions must forcibly interfere with the victims personal freedom

Violent or threats must be more than minimal

(PeneHAHA got you, you’re not free)

79
Q

“Extort” definition

A

Re; robbery

Obtain by coercion or intimidation

Or to extract forcibly

80
Q

“Prevent” definition
“Overcome” definition

A

Re robbery

Prevent - To keep from happening

Overcome - to defeat or prevail over

81
Q

Aggravated robbery (GBH) act and section

A

Crimes act section 235(a)

82
Q

Crimes act section 235(a) elements

A

Aggravated robbery (GBH)

  • Robs any person
  • at the time of OR immediately before OR immediately after the robbery
  • causes GBH
  • to any person
83
Q

Aggravated robbery (together with) act and section

A

Crimes act section 235(b)

(B - bros)

84
Q

Crimes act section 235(b) elements

Related case law

A

Aggravated robbery (together with)

  • being together with any other person
  • robs
  • any person.

R v Joyce
R v galey

85
Q

Aggravated robbery (weapon) act and section

A

Crimes act section 235(c)

86
Q

Crimes act section 235(c) elements

Related case law

A

Aggravated robbery (weapon)

  • being armed with an offence weapon OR instrument OR anything to appears to be such a weapon or instrument
  • robs
  • any person

R v Bentham - must actually have a weapon, hands/fingers not sufficient

87
Q

R v Joyce

A

Re; being together with - robbery

The crown must establish that at least 2 persons were physically present at the time of the robbery

(Joyce - choice we robbed her - 2 people hi five)

88
Q

Joint enterprise (together with) during robbery must include:

A

2 people are present and acting together to do the crime

Mere presence is not sufficient. Must actively participate

89
Q

R v Galey

A

Re; together with - robbery

Both people committing the offence must have the same intention

(Galey = GAYly = 2 guys are gay having same intent)

90
Q

Assault with intent to rob (GBH) act and section

A

Crimes act section 236(1)(a)

(Failed robberies)

91
Q

Crimes act section 236(1)(a) elements

A

Assault with intent to rob (GBH)

  • with intent to rob any person
  • causes GBH to that person or any other person
92
Q

Assault with intent to rob (weapon) act and section

A

Crimes act section 236(1)(b)

93
Q

Crimes act section 236(1)(b) elements

A

Assault with intent to Rob (weapon)

  • With intent to rob any person
  • Being armed with an offensive weapon OR Instrument OR anything appearing to be such a weapon or instrument
  • assaults that person or any other person 
94
Q

Assault with intent to rob (together with) act and section

A

Crimes act section 236(1)(c)

95
Q

Crimes act section 236(1)(c) elements

A

Assault with intent to rob (together with)

  • with intent to rob any person
  • Being together with any other person or person
  • assaults, that person or any other person
96
Q

Assault with intent to rob act and section

A

Crimes act section 236(2)

97
Q

Crimes act section 236(2) elements

A

Assault with intent to rob

  • assaults any person
  • With intent to rob that person or any other person
98
Q

“Assault” definition

A
  • Intentionally applying or attempting to apply force to another person
  • Directly or indirectly
  • threatening to apply force to another person

INTENTIONALLY APPLYING OR ATTEMPTING TO APPLY FORCE

99
Q

Abduction act and section

A

Crimes act section 208

100
Q

Crimes act section 208 elements

A

Abduction

  • unlawfully
  • takes away OR detains (r v wellard, r v pryce, r v Crossan)
  • a person
  • without their consent OR with consent obtained by fraud or duress
  • with intent to (r v Mohi)
    (A) go through a form or marriage or civil union OR
    (B) have sexual connection with the personOR
    (C) cause the person to go through a form of marriage OR civil union, OR to cause the person to have sexual connection with some other person 
101
Q

Kidnapping act and section

A

Crimes act section 209

102
Q

Crimes act section 209 elements

A

Kidnapping

  • unlawfully
  • takes away OR detains
  • A person
  • Without their consent OR with consent obtained by fraud or duress
  • With intent to
  • (a) Hold the person for ransom OR to service
  • (b) cause him or her to be confined or imprisoned
  • (c) cause him or her to be sent or taken out of NZ
103
Q

“Unlawfully” definition

A

Re; kidnapping and abduction

Without lawful justification, authority or excuse

104
Q

“Takes away” definition

Related case law

A

Re: kidnapping and abduction

Victim is physically removed from one place to another

R v wellard

105
Q

R v wellard

A

Re; takes away - kidnap/abduction

Kidnapping is depriving the victim of their liberty, coupled with carrying away from the place The victim wants to be.

(Wellard, well it’s hard carrying this body)

106
Q

R v Crossan

(Kidnap/abduction)

A

Taking away and detaining are 2 separate distinct offences, where is evidence of both, 2 charges should be filed

(Crossan - offences of takes away/detains CROSS over)

107
Q

“Detains” definition

Related case law

A

Re; kidnap/abduction

Active concept. Imposing a constraint or restraint on the person

R v pryce

108
Q

R v pryce

A

Re; detains

  • Detaining is an active concept. To keep in confinement or custody
  • harbouring the person

(Pryce = price, usually pay a price for someone detained. Paying someone is active)

109
Q

“Consent” definition

Related case law

A

Consent is a conscious and voluntary agreement to something desired or proposed

R v cox

110
Q

Consent obtained by “fraud” definition

A

Re kidnap/abduction

Deceive the victim.
Misrepresenting the facts

111
Q

Consent obtained by duress.. duress definition

A

Giving in to the request based on fear of the consequences if they refuse

112
Q

R v Mohi

A

Re; intent, abduction and kidnapping

Offence is committed at the time of taking away or detaining. Intent to be established before or during

113
Q

R v waaka

A

Re: intent, kidnap/abduction

Intent may be formed at any time during the taking away. If a taking away commences without the intent to have intercourse, but that intent is formed during the taking away, it is sufficient

Waaka = boat to take away

114
Q

Sexual connection definition

A
  • Introduction to the genitals or anus by another’s body part or object
  • connection of the mouth: tongue to another’s genitals or anus
  • continuation of connection
115
Q

R v M

A

Re; kidnapping

Crown must prove that defendant intended to take away or detain the victim and they knew the victim was not consenting

116
Q

Definitions;

Ransom
Service
Confined
Imprisoned
Sent or taken out of NZ

A
  • extort money from victims family
    , sum of money demanded
  • servant or slave
  • restricting their movements to a geographical area
  • put in prison or confine as if in prison (eg locked in a room)
  • sent: victim leaves country on their own
  • taken out of: accompanied out of NZ
117
Q

Abduction of a young person under 16 act and section

A

Crimes act section 210(1)

118
Q

Crimes act section 210(1) elements

A

Abduction of a young person under 16

  • with intent to deprive
    .. a parent OR
    .. a guardian OR
    .. other person having the lawful care or charge of a young person
  • of the possession of the young person
  • unlawfully
    … takes away
    … entices away
    … detains
  • the young person

R v Forrest and Forrest
R v cox (possession)

119
Q

Abduction of a young person under 16 act and section

(Receives)

A

Crimes act section 210(2)

120
Q

Crimes act section 210(2) elements

A

Abduction of a young person under 16 (receives)

  • receives
  • a young person
  • knowing that he or she has been
    .. unlawfully taken away OR
    .. enticed away OR
    .. Detained
  • with intent to deprive a parent/guardian/other person having the lawful care or charge of him/her, of the possession of him/her
121
Q

Young person - age

A

Under the age of 16

122
Q

R v Forrest and Forrest

A

Re; proof of age

Prosecution must prove the victims age at the time of the offence. Using the best evidence available to do so

123
Q

“Entice” definition

A

Re; abduction of a young person

To tempt, pursuance or attract by arousing hope or desire

124
Q

What is section 210(3) regarding the young persons age and consent

A

It is irrelevant whether the young person consents

Or is irrelevant whether the offender believes the young person to be of the age of 16 or over

Consent is not a defence. A person under the age of 16 cannot consent to be taken away/detained

125
Q

No presumption of law because of age:

A

Re abduction

There is no presumption of law that a person in incapable of sexual connection because of their age

126
Q

What is the statutory defence to crimes act section 210

A

Good faith

  • person who claims good faith in relation to the possession of a young person. (Being entitled to the possession of the young person)
127
Q

Smuggling migrant act and section

(Enter NZ)

A

Crimes act section 98C(1)

128
Q

Crimes act section 98C(1) elements

A

Smuggling migrants

  • arranges for an unauthorised migrant to enter NZ/any other state, if he or she
    (A) does so for a material benefit and
    (B) either knows that the person is, or is reckless as to whether the person is, an unauthorised migrant
129
Q

Smuggling migrants act and section

(Brought into NZ)

A

Crimes act section 98C(2)

130
Q

Crimes act section 98C(2) elements

A

Smuggling migrants (brought into NZ)

  • arranges for an unauthorised migrant to be brought to NZ/any other state, if he or she
    (A) does so for a material benefit and
    (B) either knows that the person is, or is reckless as to whether the person is an unauthorised migrant and
    (C) either..
    … (i)knows the person intends to try and enter the state OR
    … (ii) is reckless as to whether the person intends to try and enter the state
131
Q

People trafficking act and section

A

Crimes act section 98D

Refer to book for further info

132
Q

What are the key differences between people trafficking and migrant smuggling

A

Migrant smuggling: involves a person who has freely consented

People trafficking: involves a person who is brought into NZ by coercion or deception

  • consent
  • the purpose of the travel/movement
  • the relationship between the person moved and the people enabling the movement
  • violence, intimidation and coercion
  • liberty
  • profit
133
Q

“Person” definition

A

General neutral

Accepted by physical notice or circumstantial evidence

134
Q

R v kelt

A

Re firearms - has with him

Must knowingly have the firearm with them. A close physical link and degree of immediate control over the weapon

135
Q

“Renders unconscious” meaning

A

Cause the victim to loose consciousness

136
Q

“Accusation” refers to:

A

Re; blackmail

An allegation that the person is guilty of criminal offending

Doesn’t matter if the accusation is true or false

137
Q

“Obtain” definition

A

Re; blackmail

To obtain or retain for himself/herself/any other person

138
Q

Definitions:

Property
Pecuniary advantage
Privilege
Valuable consideration

A

Property: real and personal property, any interest or estate in any real or personal property

Pecuniary advantage: financial benefit

Privilege: special right or advantage

Valuable consideration: something on going. Money or moneys worth

139
Q

What is the statutory defence to section 237

A

Blackmail

If the defendant believes they were entitled to obtain the benefit or to cause the loss and objectively viewed that the threat was reasonable

(Possible exam question, refer to book for exact wording)

140
Q

Demanding with intent to steal act and section

A

Crimes act 1961 section 239

141
Q

Crimes act section 239(1) elements

A

Demanding with intent to steal

  • with intent to obtain any benefit
  • without claim of right
  • by force or with any threat
  • compels any person to execute, make, accept, endorse, alter or destroy any document capable of conferring a pecuniary advantage
142
Q

Demanding with intent (2) act and section

A

Crimes act section 239(2)

143
Q

Crimes act section 239(2) elements

A

Demanding with intent to steal

  • With intent to steal any property
  • from any person
  • demands any property with menaces or by any threat
144
Q

“Document” definition

A

Anything which provides evidence or information and serves as a record

145
Q

“Demand” definition

A

A clear request made firmly

146
Q

R v peat

A

Re robbery:

The immediate return of the property doesn’t purge the offence

Peat=purge

147
Q

What is the difference between section. 188(1) and 188(2)

A

The offenders intent is the difference

Both result in the same outcome of wounding maiming etc

148
Q

Blackmail section and elements

A

Section 237

Essentially:

  • Threatens to make any accusation against any person
  • to disclose something about any person
  • to cause damage to property or endanger the person safety
    With intent to:
  • cause the person to act in accordance with the will of the person making the threat AND
    obtain benefit or cause loss
149
Q

“Disclose something” re blackmail

A

Doesn’t need to relate to criminal offending

A fact or information which would cause embarrassment or emotional distress

150
Q

What is a defence to robbery

A

Claim of right

151
Q

“To execute a document” in regards to demanding with intent

A

Do what the law requires to give validity to the document

152
Q

Priority should be given to the following areas in the order of:

A
  • Secure the safety of all members of the Police and public
  • Prevent the crime
  • Contain the area of the offence
  • Get the evidence from the crime scene and preserve it
  • Establish eliminate suspects
  • Identify the offender
  • Locate the offender
  • The offender and their premises confiscating and preserving any evidence
  • Establish if any case exist for prosecution
  • Prepare the file for prosecution
153
Q

What are the 3 investigative approaches for people trafficking

A
  • reactive investigation (victim led)
  • proactive investigation (police led)
  • disruptive investigation (level of risk to victim demands an immediate response)

CIB Modules - 2024 (2 decks)

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