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Fortified Wines > Vins Doux Naturels > Flashcards

Vins Doux Naturels Flashcards

The term Vins Doux Naturels (VDN) describes a category of French wines made sweet by the addition of spirit during fermentation. There are a number of PDOs for these wines, spread throughout Roussillon, Languedoc and the southern Rhône, with around 80 per cent of production coming from Roussillon.

1
Q

The general climate in all the VDN PDOs is

A

Mediterranean.

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2
Q

——– is the warmest and driest region and is influenced by the Tramontane wind all of which leads to greater transpiration from the grapes during the end of ripening, and hence a greater concentration of sugar.

A

Roussillon

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3
Q

A grape with a high level of sugar can ferment for longer, producing more alcohol, before reaching the desired level of residual sugar for the final wine. T/F

A

True

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4
Q

How is a greater concentration of sugar in the grapes is more beneficial?

A

Although this reduces juice yield, less spirit is needed to fortify a wine

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5
Q

The majority of VDNs are produced from ——

A

Muscat or Grenache Noir

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6
Q

This Muscat variety is the most widely planted in France.

A

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

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7
Q

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains suited to Mediterranean climates because

A

It is tolerant of dry weather where rain during the growing season is scarce.

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8
Q

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is susceptible to ….

A

powdery mildew/oïdium, botrytis bunch rot and mites

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9
Q

This Muscat variety has bigger grapes than Muscat Blanc and achieves high sugar levels.

A

Muscat of Alexandria

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10
Q

——- is a late ripening variety with good drought resistance, making it suitable to Mediterranean climates. It produces high yields, but can be relatively pale in colour unless these are controlled.

A

Grenache Noir

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11
Q

Why is Grenache Noir suitable for production of fortified wines?

A

It accumulates sugar quickly

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12
Q

Grenache Noir is susceptible to —-

A

coulure at fruit set,
downy mildew,
phomopsis and
botrytis bunch rot

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13
Q

Why is a shady a canopy is required for growing grapes for VDNs?

A

To reduce the chances of sunburn and excessive grape shrivelling

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14
Q

Grapes for VDN must be picked with a minimum of 14.8% abv potential alcohol.

A

True

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15
Q

For VDN Late harvest or botrytized characters are not desired.

A

True

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16
Q

For VDN Grapes tend to be hand-harvested, and there may be several passes through the vineyard depending on the ripeness of the crop.

A

True

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17
Q

Why is a neutral spirit of 95–96% abv is used in the production of VDNs?

A

so that the character of the spirit does not compete with the character of the base wine and/or maturation.

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18
Q

_____ are produced by adding grape spirit to stop fermentation early to give a sweet, fortified wine.

A

VDNs

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19
Q

Spirit is added when the fermentation reaches —— abv to makes wines of 15–18% abv.

A

5–8%

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20
Q

Why VDNs do not have a particularly spirity character?

A

Only approximately 5–10 per cent of the volume of the wine is made up of the fortifying spirit.

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21
Q

What are the two VDN Appellations in the Rhône?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise and
Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau

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22
Q

The vines of —— are planted on terraces on the south-east facing slopes of the Dentelles de Montmirail

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

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23
Q

Grapes for the production of red and rosé VDN wines

A

Muscat à Petits Grains Rouge, a dark-skinned mutation (Brown Muscat in
Australia)

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24
Q

Due to —– winemaking the VDN wines usually show primary aromas and flavours including blossom, grape, peach and honey.

A

protective

25
Q

A significant producer of VDN wines in Rhone include ——

A

Domaine des Bernardins

26
Q

How many VDN appellations are there in Languedoc?

A

4

27
Q

The largest appellation in Languedoc for VDNs, is ———, and it is based south west of Montpellier at low altitude, and is hence relatively warm. It produces
wines with a fuller body than many of the other appellations and displays aromas of tropical fruits.

A

Muscat de Frontignan

28
Q

What is the climate of the Languedoc appellation for VDNs, Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois is located in the north east corner of Minervois at 250–300m elevation?

A

cool continental which gives wines higher acidity, lighter body and more stone fruit and floral aromas.

29
Q

What colour is Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau?

A

Red, Rose or white

30
Q

What is the style of Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau?

A

can be made in unaged or oxidative styles.

31
Q

What is the requirement for red Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau?

A

Minimum of 75 per cent Grenache Noir; Grenache Gris and Grenache Blanc as well as a number of other Southern Rhône varieties can also be blended in.

32
Q

Where are the vineyards for Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau located?

A

Southern Rhone, on gentle south-facing slopes, providing maximum exposure to sunlight and some protection from the cool Mistral.

33
Q

What is a giving for red Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau?

A

juicy, almost jammy fruit flavours. Unaged wines can show notes of cherries and plums, with oxidative styles showing more dried fruit and nutty hints.

34
Q

What is the abv level of Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau?

A

Levels of alcohol are generally low to medium, with 16–18% abv being typical

35
Q

VDNs represent 45 per cent of all this AOC production

A

Roussillon

36
Q

This style denotes unaged styles of red VDN wines.

A

Grenat is the term used in Maury and Rivesaltes, Rimage in Banyuls in Roussillon.

37
Q

This style denotes a red wine that has been matured oxidatively.

A

Tuilé is the term used in Maury and Rivesaltes, Traditionnel in Banyuls in Roussillon.

38
Q

This style denotes a white wine that has been matured oxidatively.

A

Ambré > Roussillon

39
Q

This style denotes a wine that has been matured oxidatively for a longer period than Tuilé or Ambré wines. The wines can be red or white.

A

Hors d’âge > Roussillon

40
Q

This style denotes a wine with ‘rancio’ character. The wines can be red or white.

A

Rancio > Roussillon

41
Q

This appellation covers a wide yet specifically delineated area for VDNs produced outside the five leading AOCs but can include declassified wines from those AOCs.

A

Grand Roussillon AOC

42
Q

This appellation is located at the eastern end of the Pyrenees, bordered by the Mediterranean to the east and Spain to the south.

A

Banyuls AOC

43
Q

What is the soil of Banyuls AOC?

A

Schist

44
Q

Where is Domaine Vial-Magneres located and what do they produce?

A

Banyuls AOC, at the eastern end of the Pyrenees, VDN from minimum of 50 per cent Grenache Noir

45
Q

This appellation covers the same area as Banyuls, but the wines can only be red, must be made of a minimum 75 per cent Grenache Noir and must be matured for a minimum of 30 months.

A

Banyuls Grand Cru AOC

46
Q

Banyuls Grand Cru AOC that have been aged longer than 30 months may qualify to be labelled as

A

Hors d’âge or Rancio

47
Q

This appellation is located in the north of Roussillon. The vines are planted at 100–400 m in the foothills of the Pyrenees on dark-coloured schist soils that store heat from the day and
release it at night, aiding ripening.

A

Maury AOC

48
Q

What is Maury Sec AOC?

A

Dry, unfortified wines made from Grenache Noir in Maury

49
Q

What is the requirement for Maury AOC?

A

The red VDNs must be made from a minimum of 75 per cent Grenache Noir.

50
Q

This is by far the largest appellation in Roussillon in terms of production. It is often made from a blend of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria, and only made in an unaged style.

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC

51
Q

What is the requirement for white Rivesaltes AOC?

A

The whites can only be made with a maximum 20 per cent Muscat varieties, with the balance coming from Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu and Malvoisie.

52
Q

Where is Rivesaltes AOC located?

A

in the north of Roussillon close to the Mediterranean coast

53
Q

Where is Domaine Cazes located?

A

Rivesaltes AOC

54
Q

VDNs are always sweet and should be served well chilled.

A

True

55
Q

Muscats and Muscatels are produced from Muscat grapes. Apart from Muscat d’Alsace and dry Muscats from Australia, Muscat wines are all sweet and raisin-like with a strong Muscatel bouquet.

A

True

56
Q

This AOC is produced in Vaucluse in the Cotes-du-Rhone and takes its name from the village of Beaumes-de-Venise

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

57
Q

This is classified as a natural sweet wine—vin doux naturel (VDN) and although it is very sweet, no sugar has been added. It is rarely sold under a vintage, and is at its best when young; it is not for keeping.

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

58
Q
A

Fortified Wines (5 decks)

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