Vinification Flashcards
What process is the metabolism of yeast cells converts sugar in grape must into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide?
Alcohol fermentation
WHat is generated during alcohol fermentation
heat
The amount of heat generated by fermentation increases with what?
the size of the must
Small vessels provoke what kind of fermentation?
slow and cool
Larger vessels provoke what kind of fermentation?
short and hot
Below what temperature will yeasts not act?
50F
Above what temperature will yeasts die?
113F
What is the benefit of hot fermentation for red wine?
Extraction of color, tannin, and flavor
What is batonnage?
Lees stirring. Adds further complexity and richness
What is chaptalization?
The addition of sugar to the must to increase the final alcohol and glycerin content of the wine
What is reverse osmosis?
Separates wine into 2 constituent parts, permeate and retentate
What is acidification?
The addition of acid to must or to a finished wine
What is malolactic fermentation?
AKA Secondary fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria convert harsh malic acids into softer lactic acids and carbon dioxide
Malolactic fermentation often occurs in white or red wines?
Red and most of the worlds fuller style whites undergo full or partial malo
What is a byproduct of malolactic fermentation?
Diacetyl
What is diacetyl?
Compound responsible for buttery aromas in wine
What is carbonic maceration?
Alcoholic fermentation used for some red wines where whole, uncrushed grapes under a blanket of CO2 initiate a natural fermentation by crushing other grapes below.
