Vinification Flashcards
What is the compound that draw skin colour?
Alcohol
What is the effect of cold soak?
To draw more aromas and less tannins.
To enhance aromatic complexity.
In winemaking, when is sulphur added?
Before cold soak.
Why is sulphur added during wine making?
To prevent oxidation and kill unwanted acetobacter.
Effect of fermentation at low temperature vs high temperature?
Low temperature: keeping delicate aromas.
High temperature: losing aromas
What is the ideal temperature for wine fermentation?
Between 13.C - 25.C
In white wine making, how long does skin contact last?
Usually less than 24 hours, or up to 2 days.
In red wine making, how long does skin contact last?
Usually 2-2.5 weeks, or up to 3 weeks.
Who makes oak barrels?
Cooperage
What does micro-oxygenation do?
Accelerate maturation and soften tannins.
What are the 6 fining ingredients?
Egg white, gelatin, charcoal, isinglass, bentonite, casein.
What is carbonic maceration?
The whole bunch fermentation in anaerobic environment.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae can survive up till…?
16-18% abv
What is the component that is responsible for the buttery characteristic in wine?
Diacetyl
What is cryoextraction?
Freeze grape to -7.C before crushing.
(Like making ice wine but cannot be called ice wine)
What are the 2 methods to dry grapes?
Passerillage: leave on vine (late harvest)
Apassimento: grapes are picked and then leave to dry
What is the press used in champagne?
Coquard press.
Hold up to 4000kg grapes and press up to 2550L wine
What is the minimum ageing for champagne on lees?
NV: 15 months
Vintage: 36 months
What is the name of the cage to secure a champagne?
Muselet
Who is the first person to pioneer riddling?
Madame Barbe-Nicole Clicquot
What is Pet Nat?
Sparkling wine made using Method Ancestrale
Describe method ancestrale.
Made using traditional method.
Bottled before primary fermentation ends.
Style: soft fizzy with residual sugar, hazy and unfiltered, usually contain sediment, fruity and light, usually sealed with crown cap.
Describe Champagne wine making steps.
- Base wine (9% abv) undergoes primary fermentation.
- Liqueur de tirage is added to induce secondary fermentation.
- Bottles are stored on pupitre (holds 120 bottles) or gyropalette (holds 504 bottles).
- Remuage/riddling
- Disgorgement:
- à la volée: not freeze, remove closure while turning bottle upward to release the sediment.
- à la glace: freeze bottle neck, shoot out ice pellet and sediment when crown cap removed - Dosage
Describe metodo Italiano (Charmant)
Produce by bulk in large tank.
Only primary fermentation occur in large sealed stainless still tank.
Commonly use to make Prosecco.
(Prosecco:
grape variety - Glera
Style - floral and fruity)
