Vinification Flashcards
What is Triage
A process of hand sorting grapes on the table before crushing
What is maceration pelliculaire and what are its other terms
to increase the flavor of white wines, the grapes are held in contact with skins for 6-10 hours at a cool temperature
Other terms- pre fermentation maceration or cold soak
What is cuvaison
A stage at which using natural yeast or cultured yeast for fermentation of red wines is decided
What is marc
the pressed dry skins, pips, stems and stalks are known as Marc
How is brandy made from marc
marc is steeped in water, fermented again and distilled to produce brandy
What is an acetobacter
a wine spoiling mould that turns ethanol into acetic acid
At what temperature does Saccharomyces Cerevisiae operates
10-30 degree celcius
Is S. Cerevisiae aerobic or anaerobic
anaerobic
at what abv wild yeast and acetobacter get killed
4% abv
What does addition of sulphur dioxide do
it kills all yeasts, wine spoiling mould and prevent development of unwanted yeast
What is carbonic maceration
A technique where whole bunches are put in a fermenting vat and sealed in the absence of oxygen.
What are the effects of carbonic maceration in red wines
It produces red wines with low tannins and high in fruit flavors. The carbonic maceration wines will have pear-drop, bubblegum or banana aromas
Where is carbonic maceration mostly used
Beaujolais Nouveau and Touraine Primeur
What is the molecular composition of ethyl alcohol
C2H5OH
What is Malolactic fermentation
Conversion of Malic acid to Lactic acid is known as MLF
When does MLF take place
MLF takes place after alcoholic fermentation
What are the effects of MLF
It reduces overall acidity in a wine and the wine gets its buttery flavor
It will give wine a much softer and rounded character
What compound imparts buttery flavor in wine during MLF
Diacetyl
What will be the effects of MLF in the bottle
It will result wine being slightly sparkling and cause a small amount of sediment to form.
Sometimes it will force the cork out of the bottle
Where is MLF usually carried out in
Vats or Casks
What is the process after MLF
- Wines are raked to remove sediments and fined to clarify
- most wines are put through cold stabilization and filtered before bottling
What is Batonnage
Process of stirring lees with stick to increase flavor extraction.
Which wine is Batonnage done wite
It is practiced with lighter flavored wines such as Muscadet
Define Buttage
Stooping soil around the base of vine to protect roots from the frost
What is Cryoextracrtion
Winemakers freeze grapes to -7 degree Celsius and press them.
Ice in the grapes stays frozen while high concentrated juice is pressed out.
Where is cryoextraction usually carried out in
In countries and regions where it is impossible to make ice wine naturally due to the climate.
What is Cuvaison
Maceration of grape skin in fermenting juice to extract color, tannins and other constituents from skins
What is Debourbage
A process of allowing solids to settle out from the must prior to raking
Define microclimate and mesoclimate
Microclimate refers to a small area around single or small group of vines or sometimes air above
Mesoclimate is the climate of a small area such as a vineyard or even a hillside
Define Macroclimate
Climate of a wine district or region
What is less made up of
dead yeasts, pieces of stalk, pips and other solids that fall to the bottom while wine production
Define Lieu-dit
Smallest geographical unit within a vineyard that may bear a traditional name.
In which wine labels does Lieu-dit appear
Alsace, German. Burgundy are the most common
Lieu-dit must be stated in which label
Alsace Grand Cru
What is Passerillage
A term for grapes that have been dried after picking
What is Pigeage
Process of Punching down grape skin and to drown aerobic bacteria, keep the grape skins fresh to assist the cuvaison process for red wine production
What is Remontage
A process of pumping fermenting grape juice over the cap (grape skins)
What is Reverse Osmosis
A technique used to reduce alcohol content in wine
What is Soutirage
Also known as raking, is a process to transfer wine from one container to another, leaving lees behind
What is Sussreserve
Unfermented grape juice that is used to sweeten German wines
What is Veraison
The beginning of ripening period where grape changes color and softens
What is the other name for Albarino in Vinho Verde
Alvarinho
What is the characteristic of Albarino grown in Rias Baixas
Light to medium, straw coloured, highly aromatic dry wine with ripe peach, apricot and lemon zest character, a mineral component and fresh acidity.
What are the characteristics of Chardonnay from old world
It ranges from lemon , hazelnut, green apple, chalky minerality and high acidity from Chablis.
Lemon, apple, pear, melon skin, chalky, buttery butterscotch, oaky and acidic characteristic from Cote de Beaune.
What are the characteristics of Chardonnay from old world
It ranges from lemon , hazelnut, green apple, chalky minerality and high acidity from Chablis.
Lemon, apple, pear, melon skin, chalky, buttery butterscotch, oaky and acidic characteristic from Cote de Beaune.
In which soil type does chardonnay well
Soils rich in Calcium
Name the regions where Chenin Blanc grows
It grows in middle Loire regions of Anjou and Touraine.
Vouvray, Saumur, Coteaux-du-Layon and Savennieres.
What style of Chenin Blanc does Savennieres make
Still dry to medium sweet wine.
What styles of wine does vouvray and saumur have
The wine can be dry, medium or sweet, still or sparkling and medium in alcohol content.
