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Portugal > Vinho Verde/Duriense > Flashcards

Vinho Verde/Duriense Flashcards

1
Q

What IGP is shared with Vinho Verde DOP?

A

Minho IGP

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2
Q

What is the climate of Vinho Verde?

What is problematic in the climate?

A

Cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate prevails, and grey rot can be problematic during the damp growing season.

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3
Q

What is enforcado?

A

Traditional vine training used in Vinho Verde.

Trained high off the ground, growing up the trunks of trees, telephone poles, stakes, creating an overhead canopy and lessening the probability of fungal disease.

-displaced by more modern trellising systems, and fewer than 10% of vines are today trained in this fashion.

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4
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal?
What does it translate to?
How much of the nations vineyards?

A

Vinho Verde

  • “Green wine”, a reference to the wines youthful freshness and the verdant countryside.
  • represents 15% of the nations total vineyard acreage, from red, white, and rosado wine.
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5
Q

What river is on the northern border of Vinho Verde? What region is on the northern side of the river?

A

Minho River.

Rías Baixas.

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6
Q

What are the soil types found in Vinho Verde?

A
  • Gentle slopes of shallow granitic soil, predominantly
  • Terraced vineyards common in mountains further inland.
  • South has more schist (closer to Douro)
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7
Q

What is the most planted grape in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro, primary component of Vinho Verde blends.

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8
Q

Name five white grapes used in Vinho Verde?

A 
Loureiro
Trajadura (Treixadura)
Avesso
Pedernã (Arinto)
Alvarinho (Albariño)
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9
Q

What subzone of Vinho Verde produces varietal bottlings of Alvarinho (still and sparkling) and is a bright spot for quality in a region driven by high yields and mass production.

A

Monção e Melgaço
“mon-ZOW-ee mel-GOT-zo”

  • on the left bank of the River Minho
  • Hills shelter the subregion from the ocean and its influence, making the subregion relatively dry and warm.
  • Alvarinho wines here tend to be more muscular and fruity than Albariño from Rías Baixas
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10
Q

What is the subregion of Vinho Verde that is soley based on Loureiro?

A

Lima

  • subregion immediately south of Monção and Melgaço.
  • Often the ripest and most complex white Vinho Verde, some of them even robust enough to take oak maturation, and deeper-flavoured than their Spanish counterparts in Rias Baixas
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11
Q

What grapes are used in Vinho Verde for red and rosado wines?

A

—Vinhão “Vin-yown” basis for all good reds in Vinho Verde DOC. thought to be teinturier grape; it is the darkest colored of all Portuguese wine
—Espadeiro “ES-pa-DEE-do” more often used for crisp roses, can contribute to red blends.
—Borraçal “Boar-ha-zal” high in acid and alcohol; often blended with Vinhão.
—Alvarelhão “Al-vah-rey-yown” declining but potentially high-quality vareity; fresh, delicately aromatic and best drunk young.

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12
Q

What is the reasoning for the slight sparkle in the light white wines of Vinho Verde?
Why the sparkle in red wines?

A

Generally, a result of carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling.

Red wines, also pétillant, gain their sparkle from malolactic fermentation in the bottle, a process usually avoided for white wines.

Both wines are at their best in the year after release.

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13
Q

What is the climate of Transmontano? How does it affect the style of the grape?

A

Dry, hot, and mountainous

Typically ripe and full bodied, although the cooler, higher-altitude vineyards can preserve acidity.

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14
Q

What DOP lies in three non-contiguous subregions of Transmontano?

A

Trás-os-Montes DOP “Tras-oos-Mont-ez”

-Transmontano is the only non-contiguous IGP in Portugal mainland.

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15
Q

What two DOPs were once included in the Transmontano region.

A

Douro and Porto, prior the creation of the Duriense “door-ee-ainse-ee” IGP.

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16
Q

What was the first demarcated wine region under Portugal’s modern system?

A

Douro

  • established as a Região Demarcada in 1982.
  • DOC est. 1998
  • Setúbal was one of the first in Portugal to be demarcated in the early 20th century (1907)
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17
Q

What two mountain ranges does Douro river cut through?

A

Marão and Montemuro Mountains

-craggy mountains act as barriers to the humid Atlantic winds, and the Douro becomes progressively drier toward the Spanish border.

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18
Q

What soil type is preferred for Port?

A

Schist

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19
Q

What is the climate in the Douro Valley?

A

Continental climate (severely hot summers and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing.)

20
Q

What are the subzones of Douro west to east?

A

Baixo Corgo “BI-sha COR-go” western-most; severely hot summers and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing in the west, most dense plantings. Also the wettest and thought to be too damp for top quality.

Cima “see-ma” Corgo-central Douro; highest total vineyard acreage.

Douro “door-o” Superior-east, bordering Spain; largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted.

21
Q

What is fortified Port from the Douro region released as?

A

Porto DOP

-Approximately 50% of the region’s wine is released as Porto.

22
Q

What styles are made in Douro DOP?

A

Vinho: Branco, Rosado, Tinto

Vinho Espumante (sparkling)-9 months on lees.

Vinho Licoroso: Moscatel do Douro (fortified)-18 months.

23
Q

Vintage Port
When bottled?
When may they be sold?

A

Vintage: Wines must be bottled by July 30 of the third year after harvest. Wines may be sold from May 1 of the second year after harvest.

24
Q

Late-Bottled-Vintage
Age?
Additional aging designation?

A

Late-Bottled-Vintage (LBV): Wines are aged in cask for at least four years and bottled before December 31 of the sixth year after harvest. LBV wines additionally aged for 3 years in bottle may carry the designation “Envelhecido em garrafa,” or bottle-matured.

24
Q

What does Crusted indicate on a bottle of Port?

A

This term indicates that the wine has been matured and has left sediment in the bottle. It is a blend of different years bottled early enough to be sure to throw sediment. It should be decanted.

25
Q

What is Colheita Port?

A

Colheita: Tawny wines from a single vintage aged in cask for a minimum of 7 years.

26
Q

What does Reserva/Reserve indicate on a bottle of Ruby Port?

Tawny Port?

A

Reserva/Reserve: This term implies greater quality when used for “Ruby” Port but it does not carry any minimum aging requirement. If accompanied by the term “Tawny” the wine must have been cask-aged for at least 7 years.

27
Q

Ports that are labeled 10-30 years may be labeled?

Ports that are over 40 years old may be labeled?

A

Wines that are 10-30 years old may be labeled “Velho”

Wines that are over 40 years old may be labeled “Muito Velho” “MOY-toe VEL-you (very old).

28
Q

What are the red grapes of Port? (14)

Main 5?
Other 9?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Aragonez (Tinta Roriz) 
Tinta Barroca
Tinto Cão
Bastardo 
Castelão "cos-tah-lone"
Cornifesto
Donzelinho Tinto
Malvasia Preta
Marufo
Rufete "Rufetch-eh"
Tinta Francisca
Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
29
Q

What red grapes make the best still and fortified wine in Douro?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (clone of Tempranillo)
Tinta Cão
Tinta Barroca

-Sousão and Tinta Amarela are increasingly valued.

30
Q

Name 4 white grapes used in Douro?

A

Malvasia Fina
Viosinho “vio-zeenyo”
Rabigato “ha-bi-ga-to”
Gouveio “go-vay-yo”

31
Q

What is the Vinho Licoroso of Douro?
Grape?
Min alcohol?
Min aging?

A

Moscatel do Douro made from Moscatel Galego.

Min alcohol: 16.5%

Min aging: 18 months

32
Q

Douro

Min alcohol for white and rosado wines?

Min alcohol for red?

Reserva white, rosado, and red?

Reserva aging?

A

White and rosado: 10.5%

Red: 11%

Reserva white and rosado: 11.5%

Reserva red:12%

White reserva: 6 months

Red reserva: 1 year

33
Q

What is Douro Grande Reserva?

A

Through the IVDP certification, those that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term

34
Q

What is Espumanto do Douro and Colheita Tardia?

A

Sparkling wines and late harvest wines, respectively.

35
Q

What seperates the eastern Douro DOP from the western seaside of Porto?

A

Minho region.

36
Q

Until 1986 what port town was all port required to be aged in shipped out of?

A

Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto.

  • Membership in the EU disrupted this monopoly on port trade
  • 1990’s ushered the birth of a number of small quintas with the ability to produce and ship out of their premises in the Douro.
37
Q

What house set the pioneering style of dry Douro table wines?
What bottling?
When?
Who owns the house?

A

Ferreira’s Barca-Velha was launched in 1952. Ferreira, one of the leading Portuguese port shippers, was established in 1751. Currently owned by Sogrape (the largest producer in Portugal.)

38
Q

Name three Port houses at the forefront of the table wine revolution.

A

Niepoort
Quinta do Crasto
Ramos Pinto

39
Q

What estate in Douro Superior was formerly used as the primary source of fruit for Barca Velha, and has become one of the region’s young cult stars?

A

270-hectare Douro Superior estate Quinta do Vale Meão

40
Q

What large Port house exclusively makes port (and not table wines)

A

Fladgate Partnership has made a determined decision to only make fortified wine.

41
Q

Name five tributaries of the Douro?

A 
Tedo 
Tavora
Torto
Pinhão
Tua

-The vineyards that are conventionally recognized as the best of all for port are those around and above the railway town of Pinhão, within the valleys of these tributaries.

42
Q

What is port traditional aged in?

A

Pipes containing 550-600 litres (a pipe as a notional unit of commercial measurement is 534 litres)

43
Q

How much of Portugal’s wine harvest is from Minho?

A

1/8

44
Q

What is the average rain fall in Vinho Verde?

A

Depends on altitude and proximity to the Atlantic
Monção e Melgaço (1200mm) is around 47 inches compared to 55-63 inches around Lima (1460-1600mm)
-influences grape choice/location.

45
Q

What areas are conventionally recognized as the best of all for port and where?

A

Around and above the railway town of Pinhao, including the valleys of the Tedo, Tavora, Torto, Pinhao, and Tua tributaries.

Portugal (6 decks)

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