Vine and growth cycle

Question 1

American vines are globally used for

Answer 1

Rootstocks - but also has a use for winemaking some places (New York for example)

Question 2

Most common species of American vines

Answer 2

Vitis Labrusca, Vitis Riparia, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis Rupestris

Question 3

Four sections of a vines anatomy

Answer 3

Shoots, one year old wood, permanent wood and roots

Question 4

Name for buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflourecense

Answer 4

Canopy

Question 5

What does shoots grow from?

Answer 5

Buds retained the previous year

Question 6

Solutes are

Answer 6

Substances that dissolves in to water - is f.x. sugars and minerals transported on the main axis of a shoot

Question 7

A cane is

Answer 7

a shoot that has lignified - the leaves has fallen off

Question 8

What are buds?

Answer 8

They form between the leaf stalks and stem on a shoot. They contain all the elements in miniature, that will be the green parts of a vine

Question 9

What are compound buds?

Answer 9

also called latent buds - they form in one growing season and open in the next. They produce the shoots in the next growing season

Question 10

What are lateral buds?

Answer 10

They form and break in the same growing season. They produce lateral shoots

Question 11

Primary function of a lateral shoot

Answer 11

To let the plant keep growing if the tip of the primary shoot is damaged or eaten

Question 12

What is photosynthesis

Answer 12

the process in which plants use sunlight to create sugar from carbon dioxide and water

Question 13

Why would you remove lateral shoots during summer pruning?

Answer 13

If the shoots are near the stem or cane of the shoot, they can prevent optimal airflow and shade the fruit too much

Question 14

What is “Second crop”

Answer 14

The grape bunches produced on lateral shoots. These will ripen later than on the primary shoots and if harvested at the same time can have more acidity, less sugar and unripe flavours (Pinot noir often produce a second crop)

Question 15

What is green havesting?

Answer 15

The removal of the second crop on the vine. If you harvest by hand you can select ripe grapes - if you harvest by machine, you can’t and the unripe grapes may effect the must

Question 16

Tendrils are

Answer 16

Green parts of the vine shoots, that help the shoots support themselves against trees og trellisis. Wine growers will often tie the vine shoot to the trellis

Question 17

What is the function of the vines?

Answer 17

Mainly to do photosynthesis - which produces sugar that’s used for metabolism and wine growth

Question 18

Stomata is

Answer 18

pores on the underside of the leaves - they open to diffuse out water and let carbon dioxide enter for photosynthesis.

Question 19

Transpiration is

Answer 19

When stomata diffuses out water, water and nutrients are transported from the soil through the roots to the vine and leaves

Question 20

If the vine is water stressed Stomata may

Answer 20

Partially close which can help to conserve water but also limit photosynthesis because the amount of carbon dioxide that enters is lower

Question 21

How many inflourecenses are normally on a shoot?

Answer 21

About two to three, but this can vary from grape variet to grape variety

Question 22

What is a bunch of grape son the vine

Answer 22

A fertilized inflorescence. Not all the flowers become grapes and the form of bunches can vary greatly - Pinot Noir has tight bunches more prone to fungal diseases, because of lack of airflow and the risk of skin splitting during growing season

Question 23

Three main components of a grape is

Answer 23

Pulp, Skin and Seeds

Question 24

The pulp is

Answer 24

The majority of the grape both in weight and volume. it consits of water, sugar, acid, aroma compounds and aroma precursors.
Almost all pulp is colurless except teinturier-varieties, which have red colored pulp - f.x Alicante Bouchet

Question 25

The skin of the grape

Answer 25

Contains high concentration of aroma compounds and aroma precursors - also tannins and color compounds. The amount of colour and tannin is much larger in black grapes

Question 26

Seeds are

Answer 26

inside the grape and contains oils, tannins and the embryo, that can grow into a new plant

Question 27

Bloom is

Answer 27

A powdery, waxy coating over the grape

Question 28

Explain one year old wood

Answer 28

Is the primary shoots from last growing season that wasn’t removed during winter pruning. They carry the compound buds, that will form next growing seasons shoots.
One year old wood will either be trained to spurs or canes.