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WSET Dip D5 > Vin Doux Naturels > Flashcards

Vin Doux Naturels Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term Vin Doux Naturels (VDN) describe?

A

A category of French wines made sweet by the addition of spirit during fermentation

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2
Q

Where are most of the PDOs for VDN found?

A

They are found through out the Roussillon, Langeudoc, and the Southern Rhone

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3
Q

How much of the production of VDN comes from Roussillon?

A

Around 80%

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4
Q

What is the climate for all of the VDN PDOs?

A

Mediterranean

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5
Q

What is the wind that blows through the Roussillon, and what affects does it have on the grapes?

A

The Tramontane wind causes leads to greater transpiration from the grapes at the end of ripening, leading to a greater concentration of sugar in the grapes

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6
Q

What is one of the benefits of the concentration of sugars due to the Tramontane?

A

That less spirit may need to be used. Since there is a larger concentration of sugar, fermentation can be carried out longer while not needing to worry about the amount of residual sugar in the final wine.

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7
Q

What are the two grapes used to produce the majority of VDNs?

A
  • Grenache

- Muscat

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8
Q

What are the two different types of Muscat grown?

A
  • Muscat a Petits Grains

- Muscat of Alexandria

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9
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Muscat a Petits Grains?

A
  • Most widely planted muscat variety in France
  • Smaller grapes than Muscat of Alexandria
  • Considered to have a greater intensity of aroma and flavor
  • Tolerant of dry weather
  • Susceptible to powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot and mites
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10
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Muscat of Alexandria

A
  • Bigger grapes than Muscat a Petits Grains
  • Achieves higher sugar levels as well
  • Tolerant of dry weather
  • susceptible to powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot
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11
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Grenache Noir?

A
  • Late ripening
  • Good drought resistance
  • Produces high yields
  • accumulates sugar quickly
  • Susceptible to coulure, downy mildew, phomopsis, and botrytis bunch rot
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12
Q

What other grapes may also be part of the blend for VDNs from Roussillon?

A
  • Grenache Blanc
  • Grenache Gris
  • Macabeau (Macabeo)
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13
Q

What is the minimum potential abv required for VDN wines?

A

14.8%

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14
Q

What are the maximum yields for different VDN appellations?

A

30 hL/ha

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15
Q

Are late harvest or botrytis characteristics desired for VDN wines?

A

Nope

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16
Q

What is the minimum concentration of residual sugar ranges for Muscat and Grenache based wines?

A
  • 100 g/L to 125 g/L for Muscat

- 45 g/L for Grenache based wines (in practice many Grenache-based wines are around 100g/L)

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17
Q

Is the spirit added to VDN more neutral in flavour, or somewhat aromatic?

A

They are 95-96% abv, so they will be more neutral as to not compete with the character of the base wine and/or maturation

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18
Q

When is the fortifying spirit added and how high does the abv get?

A

The spirit is generally added when the wines are 5-8% abv, and they generally end up between 15-18% abv

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19
Q

The fortifying spirit will make up what percentage of the total wine for VDN wines?

A

Only 5-10% of the total volume is spirit, which is another reason VDNs do not have a particular spirity character

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20
Q

How are the grapes and the must handled for VDNs made from white grapes?

A
  • Grapes are typically pressed and the must fermented off the skins
  • Some producers may have a period of skin contact (6-24 hrs.) prior to fermentation to extract greater aromas
  • The free run juice may be combined with the pressed juice to add more body and texture
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21
Q

Is it typical to fortify and ferment the must while the juice is in contact with the skins for Red VDN?

A

Yes, it helps with the extraction of color, flavor, and tannins.

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22
Q

What else is done for Red VDN to maximize extraction?

A
  • Maceration will continue for a couple of weeks after fortification
  • Pump overs
  • Punch downs
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23
Q

What are the fermentation temperatures for red and white base wines for VDN?

A
  • 15°C (59°F) for whites
  • 28°C (84°F)for reds

both are done with the thought to promote fruitiness

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24
Q

True or False,

VDN, unlike other fortified styles of wine, does not undergo oxidative maturation

A

False!

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25
Q

How long will VDN producers hold their youthful wines for before release?

A

A few months after fermentation

26
Q

What are the two different ageing vessels for oxidatively aged VDN wines?

A

Either is old oak barrels or in bonbonnes

27
Q

What is another name for bonbonnes?

A

Demi-johns

28
Q

True or False,

VDN aged in barrels are typically topped off periodically with fresh wines to keep the ullage low

A

False, typically they are not as the larger head space encourages oxidation

29
Q

What is the process for VDN wines that are aged in demi-johns?

A

The bonbonnes are filled with wine, but not quite to the top, and left outside in the sun to speed up the ageing process

30
Q

Name the two VDN appellations in the Rhone Valley

A
  • Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

- Vin Doux Naturel Rasteau

31
Q

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise is primarily ______ VDN made from ________

A
  • White

- Muscat a Petits Grains

32
Q

Is there Red and Rose VDN from Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?

A

Yes! Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge is a dark skinned mutation of Muscat a Petits Grains is approved for use in the production of Red and Rose VDN

33
Q

What are the characteristics of Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise White VDN?

A
  • Always unaged style of wine
  • Medium body
  • Medium acidity
  • Low abv for fortified wines (15%)
  • Primary Flavors of blossom, grape, peach and honey
34
Q

VDN Rasteau can come in what colors?

A
  • Red
  • White
  • Rose
35
Q

Although red, white and Rose VDN Rasteau can be made, what does most of the production actually consist of?

A

Red

36
Q

Red VDN Rasteau must comprise of 75% of what grape?

A
  • Grenache Noir
37
Q

How many VDN appellations are found in the Languedoc?

A

Four

38
Q

Languedoc VDN must be made from what grape and in which style (unaged vs aged)

A

They all must be made from Muscat a Petits Grains and made in an unaged style

39
Q

How much of the total wine production in the Roussillon is dedicated to VDN?

A

45%

40
Q

How many different styles of VDN are produced in the Roussillon?

A

Five

41
Q

Name the five different styles of VDN in the Roussillon

A
  • Grenat/Rimage
  • Tuile/Traditionnel
  • Ambre
  • Hors d’age
  • Rancio
42
Q

What are Grenat/Rimage VDN wines?

A
  • Denotes unaged styles of red wines
  • Grenat is the term used in Maury and Rivesaltes
  • Rimage is used in Banyuls
  • Blanc will denote unaged styles of white wines
43
Q

What are Tuile/Traditionnel VDN wines?

A
  • Denotes a red wine that has been matured oxidatively
  • Tuile is the term used Maury and Rivesaltes
  • Traditionnel is used in Banyuls
44
Q

What are Ambre VDN wines?

A

Denotes a white that has been matured oxidatively

45
Q

What are Hors d’age VDN wines?

A
  • Denotes a wine that has been matured oxidatively for a longer period than Tuile or Ambre wines
  • Can be used for red or white wines
46
Q

What are Rancio VDN wines?

A
  • Denotes a wine with a collection of aromas/flavors of leather, wood varnish, and strong coffee.
  • Compounds extracted from wooden vessels, oxygen and time all play a role
  • Can be red or white
47
Q

What are the 5 leading AOCs for VDN wines in the Roussillon?

A
  • Banyuls AOC
  • Banyuls Grand Cru AOC
  • Maury AOC
  • Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC
  • Rivesaltes AOC
48
Q

Where is Banyuls located?

A

It is located at the eastern end of the Pyrenees Mountains, with the French-Spain Border to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the east

49
Q

How much Grenache Noir must be included in the blend of VDN from Banyuls?

A
  • Minimum of 50%

- It can also include Grenache Blanc and Gris

50
Q

The vineyards in Banyuls are ___ and on ____ soils

A
  • Terraced

- Schist

51
Q

True or False,

Banyuls Grand Cru covers the same area as Banyuls?

A

True

52
Q

If Banyuls and Banyuls Grand Cru cover the same area, what are the differences?

A
  • Banyuls Grand Cru is for red wines only where as Banyuls produces red and white wines
  • Wines must be made with 75% Grenache Noir vs 50%
  • Must be matured a minimum of 30 months
  • Wines aged longer than 30 months can qualify for Rancio or Hors d’age
53
Q

Where is Maury located in the Roussillon?

A

Just north of Banyuls in the foothills of the Pyrenees

54
Q

Vines in Maury are planted at __________ m and planted on dark-colored _______ soils that store heat during the day and release it at night

A
  • 100-400m

- Schist soils

55
Q

Maury VDN Rouge must be comprised of at least 75% of what grape?

A

Grenache Noir

56
Q

Does the Maury AOC produce any white VDN?

A

Yes, it is generally made in an unaged style

57
Q

Muscat de Rivesaltes is usually a blend between what two grape varieties?

A
  • Muscat a Petits Grains

- Muscat of Alexandria

58
Q

What is the largest VDN AOC in the Roussillon?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes

59
Q

What style(s) of VDN are produced in Muscat de Rivesaltes?

A

Unaged

60
Q

List all of the different styles of VDN made in Rivesaltes

A
  • Grenat
  • Tuile
  • Ambre
  • Hors d’age
  • Rancio
61
Q

What are the whites from Rivesaltes comprised of?

A
  • Maximum 20% Muscat varieties
  • Grenache Blanc
  • Grenache Gris
  • Macabeu
  • Malvoisie
62
Q

What are the reds from Rivesaltes comprised of?

A

Mainly Grenache Noir

WSET Dip D5 (5 decks)

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