VIM Flashcards
VIM word vs WORD
word: hello , . [
WORD:
hello(){}
hello(2,3)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Jump to the end of a word backwards
ge - word
gE - WORD
Move just before the character (until)
t/T{char}
! Delete everything before the “(“
Repeaters
;/, - f & t
n/N - / and ?
Go to the first character of the line
0 (zero)
Go to the first non-blank character of the line
Go to the end of the line
$
Go to the last non-blank character of the line
g_
Jump the entire paragraph downwards
}
Jump the entire paragraph upwards
{
Move down half a page by scrolling page
CTRL-D
Move up half a page by scrolling page
CTRL-U
Search backwards
?
Repeat the last search
/[enter] or ?[enter]
Search the word under your cursor
* - forward # - backwards
Go to definition of the thing under the cursor
gd
Go to a file in import
gf
Go to the top of a file
gg
Go to the end of a file
G
Jump to maching ({[]})
%
Operator
An action to preform (Delete, Put, Change, Yank…)
Count
A multiplier to perform action X times
Motion
The piece of text to which to apply the action defined by the operator (word, WORD, line…)
Combining operators and motions
{operator}{count}{motion}
{motion}{count}{operator}
delete 2 WORDS
d2W
delete 3 lines downwards
d3j
delete everything in the current line until the ‘ character, including the ‘ character
df’
delete everything in the current line until the ( character, excluding the ( character
dt(
delete everything until the first occurrence of hello (excluding hello)
d/hello
delete the entire contents of a document
ggdG
c
Change
deletes a piece of text and then sends you into insert mode. Like d and i combined
switch case
g~
make something lowercase
gu
make something uppercase
gU
shift right (add indentation)
>
shift left (remove indentation)
format code
=
copy a whole document
ggyG
capitalise a world
gUw
change whole line
cc
delete to the end of the line
D
change to the end of the line
C
paste before the cursor
P
VIM: What is a document composed of?
Of text objects:
- words
- sentences
- quoted text
- paragraphs
- blocks
- (HTML) tags
Vim: Text object
Structured piece of text, or entity of a document domain model:
- word
- sentence
- quoted text
- paragraph
- block
- (HTML) tag
Vim: How to specify a text object?
{a | i}{text-object-id}
a - all of the text object, including whitespace
i - inner object, without whitespace
text-object-id - a character representing text object.
Vim: characters representing text objects
- w
- s: sentence
- ’, “, `
- p: paragraph
- b, (, or ): block surrounded by ()
- B, {, or }
- [, ]
- t
Delete a word plus trailing whitespace
daw
Change inner word
ciw
Delete a sentence
das
Delete inner sentence
dis
Delete all in double quotes, including the quotes
da”
Change inside double quotes
ci”
Delete a block surrounded by (), including ()
dab
da(
da)
Delete a block surrounded by {}, including {}
daB
da{
da}
Change the contents of an HTML tag
cit
Delete the character before the cursor
X = dh
Delete the character under the cursor and enter insert mode
s = ch
Switch case of a single character
~
Repeat the last change
.
Text objects are more reliable than other motions because you don’t need to care as much about the position of the cursor. The commands with text objects are far more repeatable and work beautifully in tandem with the “.” command.
The “.” command works great with repeaters: ;,nN
Delete all occurrences of “cucamber”
/cucamber daw -> delete the first occurrence n -> go to the next occurrence . -> delete it and so on...
Go back to the insert mode at the last place you left insert mode?
gi
Delete the last character you typed
ctrl + h
Delete the last word you typed
ctrl + w
Delete the last line you typed
ctrl + u
Exit insert mode
esc, ctrl + [, ctrl + c
Select text using rectangular blocks
C-V
visual mode block-wise
gn GN
supercharged n N:
- on top of a search match, it selects the match in visual mode
- in visual mode, it extends your current selection until the end of the next match
- in operator-pending mode, it operates on the next match ===
dgn means apply this change (delete) to the match, so you can use just . instead of n .
Paste and put the cursor after the pasted section.
gp
gP
Swap lines
ddp
Emulate mouse hover
gh
Copy within parenthesis
yi(
The Unnamed register
”
The default register where your copy and cut stuff goes to when you don’t explicitly set a register.
The Named registers
a-z
Can be used to explicitly copy and cut stuff at will.
“{name of register}y{motion}
“{name of register}d{motion}
“{name of register}c{motion}
The yank register
0 (zero)
The last thing you copied. Deletes and changes don’t overwrite this register, like they do the unnamed register.
The cut registers
1-9
The last nine things you cut using d or c.
Yank a sentence and store it in “a” register
“ayas
Paste the contents of “a” register
“ap
See what’s in your registers
:reg
See what’s in a specific register
:reg {reqister}
Append to name register
“{uppercased register” {y | d | c} {motion}
“Ayw - append word to register a
“Byy - append line to register b
Create a file in Vim
:edit {relative-path-to-file}
:e {relative-path-to-file}
Save a file in Vim
:write
:w
Even if it’s been saved already or is read-only
:write!
:w!
Quit a file in Vim
:q
:quit
Even without saving it
:q!
:quit!
Save and close a file
:wq
Save and close all files
:wqa
:wqall
Save all files
:wa
:wall
Even if saved already or read only:
:wa!
:wall!
Quit all files
:qa
:qall
Even if not saved
:qa!
:qall!
Text-editing EX commands scheme
:[range] command[options]
e.g., delete lines 10, 11, 12, and put them in the “a” register
:10,12d a
EX commands extremes of ranges
Can be expressed using:
- offsets :10,+2
- current line :.,+2
- the whole file :%
- the beginning of file :0,+2
- the end of file :10,$
- current visual mode text selection :’
When to use EX commands
Useful because they allow you to apply a command over a range of lines without needing to move the cursor to that location first.
Whenever you need to apply changes over multiple lines, consider using ex commands.
Repeating EX commands
Type :@ and you’ll repeat the last command.
From then on you can repeat it again with @@.
Substituting text scheme
:[range]s/{pattern}/{substitute}/{flags}
Transmute the first occurrence of lead in the current line with gold
:s/led/gold
Transmute all occurrences of lead in the current line with gold
:s/led/gold/g
Transmute all occurrences of lead lead with gold in whole file
:%s/led/gold/g
Flags for substituting text commands
g - all occurrences
i - case-insensitive search
c - confirm each and every substitution
Open a file in a new horizontal split
:sp {relative-path-to-file}
ctrl-w S -> ctrl-p
Open a file in a new vertical split
:spv {relative-path-to-file}
chtl-w V -> ctrl p
Move between splits
ctrl-w + hkjl
Open a file in new tab
:tabnew {file}
Go to the next tab
:tabn/:tabnext
Go to the previous tab
:tabp/:tabprevious
Close all other tabs
:tabo/:tabonly
Splits vs. Tabs
Vim works with splits of tabs.
VSC works with tabs of splits
Surround operator
Can be seen as 3 separate operators:
ds
cs
ys - add suroundings
ds{count}{motion}
Delete the surrounding ‘
ds’
Change the surrounding from ‘ to “
cs’”
Surround a paragraph with a li tag
ysaptli>
Surround selected text in visual mode
S{desired character}
