Vikings COPY Flashcards
First Vikings’ raid on England
793
Monastery attacked by vikings
Lindisfarne
reason for vikings adding england to empire and migrating
economic reasons
pull factor vikings
good-quality farming land
push factor vikings
hard to grow crops in scandinvia/overcrowded/only eldest sons inherited land
Viking Leader Ragnar executed
860
viking invasion force, as a result of ragnar execution
Great heathen army 856-878
viking invasion, all but wessex defeated
865
king of wessex
Alfred the great
battle of edington, vikings defeated
878
area of england alfred allowed vikings to rule
danelaw
alfred during his reign
build defences/buhrs, fair laws, encouraged english language
king of the english
alfred the great
why was alfred great
saved anglo-saxon england from viking domination, forged english identity
consequence of danelaw
century of peace, coexistence of english and danes
king aethelred the unready
978
battle of maldon, viking army let by sven forbeard attacked
991
aethelred’s bribe to english, led to more attacks
danegeld
3300kg of silver given to vikings, british taxed
991
aethelred marries emma of normandy, to form alliance
1002
St Brice’s Day Massacre, murder all vikings in england
1002
Sven Forkbeard conquers england after st brice’s day massacre
1013
aethelred becomes king again, still fighting
1014
aethelred dies
1016
aethelred’s replacement
aethelred’s son edmund, then king cnut
appeal of england to cnut
rich area involved in trade, religious man
cnut marries emma of normandy to strengthen relations
1017
cnut’s inheritance from brother
inherited denmark and norway
why is cnut great
peaceful period, england grew wealthy
impact of vikings
contributed to language
Cnut and sons died, edward the confessor becomes king
1042
son of emma of normandy and aethelred
edward the confessor
edward the confessor died
1066
1066 - good soldier most powerful man in england
harold godwinson
1066 - claimed he was promised the throne and supported by harold godwinson
william duke of normandy
viking ruler of norway whose family ruled england in past
harald hadrada
edward’s nephew and relative, teenager
edgar aetheling
who was chosen as king in 1066
harold godwinson, left william duke of normandy furious
godwinson beats vikings
Battle of Stamford Bridge
william beat harold in what invasion
battle of hastings 1066
william crushed resistance and became king
1066
how did william keep control in his reign
dividing english land and gave to barons, built over 500 castles
what did an uprising in the north lead to in 1069-70
harrying of the north - villages and crops destroyed, 100,000 died in famine
reason for norman invasion and migration in england
political reasons
impact of the normans
built castles, architecture, french, feudal system
william the conquerer died
1087
william the conquerers replacements
his won william ii, then henry i
Henry i’s heir
Matilda
Matilda’s son
Henry II
Henry II’s reign
1154-1189
Henry taking control in France
Angevin Empire
henry ii’s inheritance from mother
England and Normandy
Henry II’s inheritance from father
Maine and anjou
Henry II’s spouse, gave him spain
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Henry ii married his son to her in order to gain land
Duchess of Brittany
dermot of leinster asked henry ii to help beat another irish king
1166, english settlers controlled land in ireland
henry visited ireland and was seen as…
1171, overlord
how did henry control his empire?
travel - travelled all across his empire, loyalty and feudal system - rewarded loyalty with land, law - enforced by local forces
why did england build the angevin empire
political and economic reasons - power and money
Henry ii’s replacement
John was weak so King of France saw chance to take land
phillip ii’s claim
john’s nephew, his ally, was rightful king of england
john’s response to phillip ii’s claim
killed arthur
phillip ii’s attack on angevin empire
seized brittany, normandy, anjou and maine
people and barons rebel against King John, and signed document giving away some power
1215
magna carta significance
no longer able to tax people unfairly, and have to respect rights of barons
war under edward iii
100 years war
battle english won in 1346
crecy
short term impact of hundred year war
cost, loss of land, deaths, french land destroyed
explorers
john hawkins, sir walter raleigh
country england annoyed through piracy
spain
crops from the new world
cotton, sugar, tobacco
traingular trade system
britain weapons, africa slaves, america crops
economic impact of slave trade on britain
jobs, docks and shops
push factor for america
persecution, war, money
main colony in virginia
jamestown
reasons for war of independance in us
debt, representation, ideology, boston
why usa won war of independance
strong leadership, french support, british mistakes, british supplies
famous explorers
sir walter raleigh, john hawkins
country england annoyed through piracy
spain
crops from new world
cotton, sugar, tobacco
triangular trade system
britain weapons - africa slaves - america crops
economic impact of slave trade in britain
jobs, docks and shops
push factor for america
persecution, war, money
colony in virginia
jamestown
reason for war of independence
debt, representation, ideology, boston
reason for us winning war of independance
strong leadership, french support, british mistakes, british supplies
impact of war of independance of britain
debt, self rule for ireland, prisoners to australia, democratic reform
country and religion of hugenots
french protestants
which industry did hugenots contribute to
silk
is ulster north or south ireland
north
what religion were planters
protestant
religion of clans in scottish highlands
catholic
why did english clear the highlanders away
graze sheep, make money
where did scots move to
cities
name of trading company in india
east india company
define nabob
british man who gained wealth and power in india
define sepoy
indian soldier
great rebellion
1857
reason for indian rebellion
religion offended by fat on cartridges
political outcome of india rebellion
reduction in british interference in government, indian able to have jobs in local government
positive health impact of empire in india
smallpox vaccine, sewage system improved, life expectancy increased
negative health impact of empire in india
famine led to starvation, new diseases
reason imperial interest moved to africa
religion, power, money
reason for suez canal
reduce travel time on the seas, not go around south africa
reason for egypt selling shares in suez canal to british
needed money
name for dutch settlers in south africa
boers
states that the boers set up
transvaal and orange free state
british man that made his name through diamond and gold
cecil rhodes
define social darwinism
some races stronger than others, white british
reason why rhodes was controversial
pushed natives off land, sparked a war, racist attitude
reason for british sending troops into the transvaal
boers refused to give them access to land
methods british used in boer war
scorched earth, concentration camps, guerilla tactics
pull factor to come to britain in 1800s
jobs
irish migration impact on britain
labour contributed to infrastructure, railways, army
push factor for jews into britain
persecution
impact of ww1 on britain
economic cost, numbers of men who dies, parts of empire not reliant on britain
which countries supported britain in 1956 suez crisis
france and israel
which country did egypt ask for aid in suez crisis
usa