VII economy Flashcards
What was that agrarian economy?
The land based economy that began recovering in the 1490s after the 1300s Black Death
What type of farming became increasingly popular towards the turn of the century?
Sheep farming
What was mixed farming?
A system of farming which involved the growing of crops as well as the raising of animals as livestock
What was pastoral farming?
Farming involving the rearing of animals, either for by products such as milk, or for meat.
What were common rights?
Denotes the legal rights of tenants to use common land, eg for keeping animals, the exact nature of these rights varied from place to place.
How could England be divided in regards to an agricultural society?
Into the lowland zone and the highland zone.
Describe where the lowland zone was, and features found within the zone.
Found in the south east, mostly mixed farming, although pastoral farming dominated woodland areas.
Describe where the highland zone was, and features found in the area.
Found northwest of the Tees estuary of the lowland zone, there was a growing show of open field husbandry.
What was open field husbandry?
A form of landholding which was predominant in the lowlands and growing in the highlands, the peasants tended to strips of land, enjoying common rights, based around a manor.
How much of exports relied on the cloth trade?
Approximately 90%
What did Lander estimate the increase of volume in cloth exports was in 7s reign?
60%
What were the merchants of staple?
Controlled the export of wool, they were based in Calais, an English satellite.
When was the Merchants of staple incorporated?
In 1319 by royal charter
Previously, what had been the main cloth export, and where had been the main ports?
Raw wool, some of the main ports used were places such as Boston, Lynn and Yarmouth.
What was fulling?
It was a step forward in cloth making where the cloth is cleansed, removing oil, dirt et cetera, making the wool thicker.
Name two cloth towns
Levanham in Suffolk and Lewes in Sussex, they were very prosperous
What was the company that began exporting a majority of woven cloth, and from where?
merchant adventurers, from London.
When was the Merchant Adventurers founded?
1407, and it was dominated by wealthy Londoners
What was the Merchant adventurers used for by 7?
The drawing up of the intercursus malus and the intercursus magnus
What was the Hanseatic league?
A group of free cities, originating in the 13th century, which formed a commercial union with the intention of controlling the Baltic Sea.
Which countries were dominant in mining?
Germany and Bohemia
What is metallurgy? And which countries were proficient in it?
The scientific study of refining and alloying metals, Germany and Bohemia.
Which countries were known for shipbuilding?
Spain, Portugal and the Dutch
