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to do something to someone as a joke or trick
play a joke/trick on somebody
they played a joke on the teacher by hiding under their desks
used to say that someone is able to laugh at jokes about themselves
take a joke
Your problem is you just can’t take a joke.
to do something even though it is embarrassing for you, because you have no choice
غرورم رو زیر پا گذاشتم
swallow your pride
I swallowed my pride and phoned him.
to react in a very angry way
throw a fit/tantrum
I can’t tell my parents – they’d throw a fit!
to stop being patient with someone or something; to become impatient with someone or something.
Please try to be more cooperative. I’m losing patience with you.
to accept an unpleasant or sad situation and no longer feel upset or angry about it
come to terms with
George and Elizabeth have come to terms with the fact that they will never have children.
خود واقعیش رو نشان داد
reveal your true character
conceal/hide your true character
very sharp
razor-sharp teeth
he is a highly intelligent person with a razor-sharp mind
an ability to imagine unlikely situations very clearly
With her vivid imagination, Melissa could visualise the scene and it sickened her
a judgment or decision made quickly, without careful thought or discussion
snap judgment/decision
• As I begin to uncover a whole new world myself, I see the folly of that snap judgment.
folly
formal a very stupid thing to do, especially one that is likely to have serious results
Somerville bitterly regretted his folly at becoming involved.
aristocratic /ˌærəstəˈkrætɪk
belonging to or typical of the aristocracy
aristocracy/ærəˈstɒkrəsi /
the people in the highest social class, who traditionally have a lot of land, money, and power
dukes, earls, and other members of the aristocracy
To do as one has promised
keep (one’s) word
Tom always keeps his word, so if he promised to help you move, then he’ll be here
grudge
/ɡrʌdʒ/
a feeling of dislike for someone because you cannot forget that they harmed you in the past
To remain angry with someone about past slights or misdeeds.
bear a grudge (against someone)
Although our disagreement happened months ago, Lily still won’t talk to me—clearly, she’s bearing a grudge.
easily becoming offended or annoyed
touchy
she is very touchy about her past
associate
I don’t associate him with energetic sports
fortune-ˌteller
someone who uses cards or looks at people’s hands in order to tell them what is supposed to happen to them in the future
get off
to leave a place, or to help someone to leave a place
We’ll try and get off straight after lunch.
——–
get off (something) to finish work
What time do you get off work?
if someone gets off, they are not punished for doing something wrong, or they receive only a small punishment
In the end he got off because there wasn’t enough evidence against him.
bridesmaid
a girl or woman, usually unmarried, who helps a bride on her wedding day and is with her at the wedding
bridesmaid
a girl or woman, usually unmarried, who helps a bride on her wedding day and is with her at the wedding
Wedding reception
A wedding reception is a party usually held after the completion of a marriage ceremony as hospitality for those who have attended the wedding, hence the name reception: the couple receive society, in the form of family and friends, for the first time as a married couple
hospitality/ˌhɒspəˈtæləti
friendly behaviour towards visitors
Thanks for your hospitality over the past few weeks.
what do we say, when thanking sb for his hospitality
Thanks for having us/me. We had a great time.
symbolize
if something symbolizes a quality, feeling etc, it represents it
Crime often symbolizes a wider social problem
Wedding rings symbolize a couple’s commitment to each other.
prosperity /prɒˈsperəti
when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life
موفقیت، کامیابی
خوشبختی
prosperous/ˈprɒspərəs
rich and successful
a prosperous landowner
• I am proud to report that the condition of the country as a whole is prosperous.
civil /ˈsɪvəl/
elating to the ordinary people or things in a country that are not part of military, government, or religious organizations
They were married in a civil ceremony in May.
bacheloretteˌ/baCH(ə)ləˈret
a young unmarried woman.
So I figured there would be lots of attractive, hopefully eligible bachelors and bachelorettes around my age.
eligibleˈelɪdʒəbəl
someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age
Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan
rehearsal/rɪˈhɜːsəl $ -ɜːr-/
a time when all the people in a play, concert etc practise before a public performance
The dialogue was worked out by actors in rehearsal.
verbs for ceremony
hold a ceremony
A ceremony was held in Berlin to mark the occasion.
attend a ceremony
I attended the ceremony at the cathedral.
be present at a ceremony
The French ambassador was present at the ceremony.
perform/conduct a ceremony
The Bishop of Louisiana performed the ceremony.
a ceremony takes place
The ceremony took place on 13th June at 2.30.
a ceremony marks something
banister/ˈbænɪstə $ -ər/
a row of wooden posts with a bar along the top, that stops you from falling over the edge of stairs
As I did so I grabbed the banister to save myself.
trip
- to hit something with your foot by accident so that you fall or almost fall
He tripped and fell. - to make someone fall by putting your foot in front of them when they are moving
Baggio was tripped inside the penalty area.
stumble
to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall
In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor
take (one) down a notch (or two)
To reduce or damage one’s ego or pride
tell off
if someone in authority tells you off, they speak to you angrily about something wrong that you have done
Shelley was one of those kids who was always getting told off at school.
My dad told me off for swearing
adorable
someone or something that is adorable is so attractive that they fill you with feelings of love
Oh what an adorable little baby
thrilled
very excited, happy, and pleased
We were so thrilled to hear about the baby.
initially
Stan initially wanted to go to medical school
surrogate
a surrogate person or thing is one that takes the place of someone or something
William was acting as a surrogate father for his brother’s son
fawn
to praise someone and be friendly to them in an insincere way, because you want them to like you or give you something
fawn on/over
I refused to fawn over her or flatter her.
تملق گفتن، اظهار دوستی کردن
orphanage/ˈɔːfənɪdʒ
a large house where children who are orphans live and are taken care of
creed
a set of beliefs or principles
Marxism has never been weaker as a political creed
love knows no race, creed or gender
small-minded
thinking too much about your own life and problems and not about important things
have somebody over
if you have someone over, they come to your house for a meal, drink etc because you have invited them
We must have you over for dinner before we leave.
as well
in addition to something or someone else
Why don’t you come along as well?
may as well
spoken used to suggest that someone should do something, because there is no good reason to do anything else SYN might as well
You may as well tell us now – we’ll find out sooner or later
to be very likely to do or feel a particular thing
Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.
follow through
1 to do what needs to be done to complete something or make it successful
follow through
1 to do what needs to be done to complete something or make it successful
The project went wrong when the staff failed to follow through.
blow-up
American English a sudden big argument or disagreement
that little blow-up with that other mom
toughen
to become tougher, or to make someone or something tougher
Three years in the army toughened him up.
wide open/awake/apart
At 2 a.m. I was still wide awake.
Sandy stood with his back to the fire, legs wide apart.
Someone left the back door wide open.
molecule/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl $ ˈ
The molecules of oxygen gas contain just two atoms.
fairy
1 a small imaginary creature with magic powers, which looks like a very small person
point something ↔ out
to tell someone something that they did not already know or had not thought about
He was always very keen to point out my mistakes.
The murder was obviously well planned, as the inspector had pointed out.
judgmentald/ʒʌdʒˈmentl/
criticizing people very quickly – used to show disapproval
• You’re being too judgmental.
slip
to slide a short distance accidentally, and fall or lose your balance slightly
Wright slipped but managed to keep hold of the ball
confrontation
/kɒnfrənˈteɪʃən /
a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups
She had stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation
flip
to move something with a quick sudden movement so that it is in a different position حرکت دادن یک شی با حرکت خیلی سریع
to turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for something
jackass
an offensive word for an annoying stupid person
Gloomy goose
a sad person
have the wind at your back
to be in a good situation in which you can succeed:
The president has the wind at his back on this issue.
این حماقت من بود
that was very stupid of me
frost
very cold weather, when water freezes
Even in May we can sometimes get a late frost.
American English to cover a cake with a mixture of powdery sugar and liquid
mono
an infectious illness that makes your lymph nodes swell and makes you feel weak and tired for a long time afterwards
پوشیدن
have sth on
how many pairs of underwear do you have on?
drop off
to begin to sleep
She kept dropping off at her desk.
drop somebody/something ↔ off to take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there on your way to another place
freak out
to become very anxious, upset, or afraid, or make someone very anxious, upset, or afraid
People just freaked out when they heard the news.
get/enter into the spirit (of something)
to start to feel as happy, excited etc as the people around you
Judith couldn’t really enter into the spirit of the occasion.
uptight
behaving in an angry way because you are feeling nervous and worried
You have to learn to laugh instead of getting uptight about things.
insult
to offend someone by saying or doing something they think is rude
hope Andy won’t be insulted if I don’t come.
better off
having more money than someone else or than you had before OPP worse off
She’ll be about £50 a week better off.
→ well-off(1)
happier, improved, more successful etc OPP worse off
better off with/without
I think she’s better off without him.
screw up
o make a bad mistake or do something very stupid SYN mess up
You’d better not screw up this time.
anyhow
anyway
The scandal could damage her reputation but the press reported it anyhow
I stand before you today
I stand before you today (30 pounds lighter): now, here I am, in front of you (having lost 30 pounds in weight)
somewhat
to a moderate extent or by a moderate amoun
matters have improved somewhat since then
i am somewhat of a shutterbug
shutterbug
an enthusiastic amateur photographer.
For amateur shutterbugs with digital cameras, here’s as good a chance as any to become a published photographer.
cello/ˈCHelō/
a bass instrument of the violin family, held upright on the floor between the legs of the seated player.
Live cello and double bass were essential components of their performance.
on demand
in demand
should you feed your baby on demand, or stick to a timetable
this is more in demand
معلم رانندگی
driving instructor
someone who teaches a sport or practical skill
a driving instructor
Learner’s permit
driver’s licese
A driver’s permit, learner’s permit, learner’s license or provisional license, is a restricted license that is given to a person who is learning to drive, but has not yet satisfied the requirement to obtain a driver’s license
undermine
to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective
conomic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system
آهنگ گذاشتن
i am gonna put some music on
condescend/ˌkändəˈsend/
condescend to
—–
Take care not to condescend to your readers.
condescending
behaving as though you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than
Professor Hutter’s manner is extremely condescending.
bonk
to hit someone lightly on the head or to hit your head on something
He fell, bonking his head against a tree.
منظورم اینه که
چیزی که دارم میگم اینه که
what i am saying, we have a day to ourselves
spontaneous
something that is spontaneous has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it
The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer.
have/get (something) down pat
To learn, master, or understand something perfectly, to the point of requiring little or no focus to do, recall, or accomplish it. Make sure you practice these equations until you have them down pat.
open house
merican English a day when a school or organization invites the public to come in and see the work that is done there
Parents are invited to attend the open house next Thursday.
rudderless
without someone to lead you or give you an aim or direction
a company left rudderless by the resignation of its CEO
rudder
a flat piece, usually of wood, metal, or plastic, hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering.
سکان هواپیما
keep up
to go as quickly as someone else
you really think i can not keep up with you
I had to walk fast to keep up with him.
dodged that bullet
If someone has dodged a bullet, they have successfully avoided a very serious problem.
dodge
to move quickly to avoid someone or something
He ran across the courtyard, dodging a storm of bullets.
جا خالی دادن
flamboyant
behaving in a confident or exciting way that makes people notice you
flamboyant style/character/personality
is flamboyant style of play
a flamboyant display of aerobatics
under wraps
i kept the whole gay thing under wraps
jock
someone, especially a student, who plays a lot of sport and is often considered to be stupid
She is a jock from a family of jocks, articulate only in that special, odd way that coaches are articulate.
torment
severe mental or physical suffering
She lay awake all night in torment.
عذاب، شکنجه، زجر،
their deaths have left both families in torment
heritage/ˈherətɪdʒ/
property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance.
the traditional beliefs, values, customs etc of a family, country, or society
the importance of preserving the national heritage
somewhat of
to some degree —used to make a statement or description less forceful or definite
We have somewhat of a problem.
i guess i am somewhat of a shutterbug
hang by a thread
be in a highly precarious state.
“their lives were hanging by a thread”
patronizing
someone who is patronizing talks to you in a way that shows they think you are less intelligent or important than them SYN condescending
I don’t mean to sound patronizing.
patronize
to talk to someone in a way which seems friendly but shows that you think they are not as intelligent or do not know as much as you
The program focuses on kids’ interests without patronizing them.
get picked on
The meaning is very close to “bully”. It means that other children choose to make fun of you, make life difficult for you, or possibly even “pick fights” with you.
Get picked on” is the passive form of “pick on”.
Picking fights
Picking fights” means deliberately trying to get into physical fights with other children.) “
suck at
i guess i suck at being a father
paperwork
routine work involving written documents such as forms, records, or letters.
I need to catch up on some paperwork
you took care of all the adoption paperwork
cocky
too confident about yourself and your abilities, especially in a way that annoys other people
He’s a cocky little man and I don’t like him
tough
the first of school is tough on all my kids.
be tough on somebody (=cause problems for someone or make their life difficult)
take/use drugs
do drugs informal (=take drugs)
I think I took drugs to escape my problems.
All my friends were doing drugs.
caravan/ˈkærəvæn/
a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they are on holiday
loudmouth
someone who talks too much and says offensive or stupid things
put one’s foot down
adopt a firm policy when faced with opposition or disobedience.
to assert something strongly.
sometimes a man has to put his foot down
paisley
a pattern consisting of curved shapes used on cloth
impression
the opinion or feeling you have about someone or something because of the way they seem
somebody’s first/initial/immediate impression
My first impression was that Terry’s version of the events was untrue.
fit in
1 if someone fits in, they are accepted by the other people in a group
I never really fitted in at school.
noose
a ring formed by the end of a piece of rope, which closes more tightly as it is pulled, used especially for killing someone by hanging them
flake
1 a small thin piece that breaks away easily from something else
start off
1 to begin something in a particular way, or to begin in a particular way
I started off by drawing the flowers I had collected.
scoot
to move quickly and suddenly
There’s the bus – I’d better scoot!
tamp
to press or push something down by lightly hitting it several times
The old man tamped down the tobacco with his thumb.
act on
to do something because you have been given information, advice, or orders
I’m acting on the advice of my lawyers.
am i attracted to her , yes. would I ever act on it? no
heed
careful attention.
pay attention to; take notice of.
if he heard, he paid no heed
failure//ˈfeɪljə $ -ər/ ●/
failure to heed these warnings can lead to serious injury or death
acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns
someone you know, but who is not a close friend
She was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.
half sister
a sister who is the daughter of only one of your parents
step sister
the daughter of your stepmother or stepfather
envy
to wish that you had someone else’s possessions, abilities etc
I really envy you and Ian, you seem so happy together.
telepathy//təˈlepəθi/
a way of communicating in which thoughts are sent from one person’s mind to another person’s mind
deceased/dɪˈsiːst/
the deceased formal the person who has died or the people who have died
These circumstances had not been foreseen by the deceased when the will was made.
whereas /weərˈæz $ wer-
used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another
The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.
rightful
according to what is correct or what should be done legally or morally
George sat at the head of the table, in his rightful place as their leader.
I’ll return the money to its rightful owner.
buggy
a light folding chair on wheels that you push small children in SYN pushchair, stroller American English
blizzard
a severe snowstorm
We got stuck in a blizzard.
glacier
a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley
saline /ˈseɪlaɪn/
containing or consisting of salt
saline solution
salinity/səˈlɪnəti/
Flash flood
An urban underpass during normal conditions (upper) and after fifteen minutes of heavy rain (lower)
Driving through a flash-flooded road
precipitation
rain, snow etc that falls on the ground, or the amount of rain, snow etc that falls
gale/ɡeɪl/
a very strong wind
a severe gale
a fierce gale
admit
if people at a hospital admit someone, that person is taken in to be given treatment, tests, or care
What time was she admitted?
be admitted to hospital British English, be admitted to the hospital American English
reservoir/rezəvwɑː /
a lake, especially an artificial one, where water is stored before it is supplied to people’s houses
slit
to make a straight narrow cut in cloth, paper, skin etc
a long straight narrow cut or hole
شکاف، روزنه، بریدگی
lagoon/ləˈɡuːn
1 a lake of sea water that is partly separated from the sea by rocks, sand, or coral
a coastal lagoon
perspiration
the process of sweating.
it causes perspiration and a rapid heartbeat
irrigate
supply water to (land or crops) to help growth, typically by means of channels.
While rainfall registers about 50 inches per year, growers often have to irrigate their crops during extended drought periods.
dunk
dip (bread or other food) into a drink or soup before eating it.
dip
the action of immersing someone or something in a liquid.
immerse
dip or submerge in a liquid.
simmer
a state or temperature just below the boiling point.
bring the water to a simmer
meander
(of a river or road) follow a winding course.
a river that meandered gently through a meadow
winding /ˈwīndiNG/
following a twisting or spiral course.
our bedroom was at the top of a winding staircase
seep
(of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes.
gush
(of a liquid) flow out in a rapid and plentiful stream, often suddenly.
expedition
a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war.
an expedition to the jungles of the Orinoco
memoir /ˈmemwɑː $ -wɑːr/
a short piece of writing about a person or place that you knew well, or an event that you experienced
an essay on a learned subject.
• And I have written a memoir trying to explain my ongoing fascination with her life and work.
یادداشت
apron
a piece of clothing that covers the front part of your clothes and is tied around your waist, worn to keep your clothes clean, especially while cooking
clothe
to put clothes on your body SYN dress be clothed in something The King was clothed in a purple gown. fully/partially/scantily etc clothed The children lay on the bed, fully clothed and fast asleep.
fast asleep
sleeping very deeply
Nick was lying on the sofa, fast asleep.
clothing
the clothes that people wear
basic necessities such as food and clothing
She took only a few items of clothing.
a piece of clothing
There were pieces of clothing scattered around the room.
an item/article of clothing formal (=a piece of clothing)
All items of clothing should be clearly labelled.
a layer of clothing
In very cold weather it’s good to wear several layers of clothing.
autobiography
a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type → biography
lucrative/ˈlo͞okrətiv
a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money SYN profitable <>unprofitable
a lucrative career as a stand-up comedian
He inherited a lucrative business from his father.
go wild
to behave in a very excited uncontrolled way
The crowd went wild as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.
b) to get very angry
When Tony heard how much it was going to cost, he just went wild.
contemplate
1 [transitive] to think about something that you might do in the future SYN consider
He had even contemplated suicide.
contemplate doing something
Did you ever contemplate resigning?
dentistry/ˈdentəstri/
the medical study of the mouth and teeth, or the work of a dentist
• Darren’s death was one of eight following dentistry between 1996 and 1999.
literature/ˈlɪtərətʃə $ -tʃʊr/
books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good
He has read many of the major works of literature.
Italian literature
to not be able to understand something at all
(not) make heads or tails of something
We couldn’t make heads or tails of your directions.
I’ve never really got to grips with this new technology.
come/get to grips with something
to understand or deal with something difficult
If you say that you can’t ………………….something, you mean that you cannot understand it:
I just can’t get my head around these tax forms.
used to introduce a piece of information that the speaker thinks is strange or interesting:
Interestingly (enough), he never actually said that he was innocent.
to say a poem, piece of literature etc that you have learned, for people to listen to
recite
She recited a poem that she had learnt at school.
repeat aloud or declaim (a poem or passage) from memory before an audience.
without careful thought or investigation.
off the top of one’s head
“I can’t tell you off the top of my head”
When someone uses this phrase it means he/she does not know the reason behind something.
Beyond me
,I saw two hot chicks making out in the park, I wish I was a lesbian.
Dude:why women like us guys is beyond me.
be remembered clearly and for a long time.
stick in one’s mind (or memory)
“one particular incident sticks in my mind”
to forget what one was talking or thinking about.
lose train of thought
Your question made the speaker lose her train of thought.
the medical study of the mouth and teeth, or the work of a dentist
den‧tis‧try /ˈdentəstri/
This surpasses amounts raised by such better-known parts of the University of Maryland at Baltimore as the schools of pharmacy and dentistry.
to say a poem, piece of literature etc that you have learned, for people to listen to
recite1
She recited a poem that she had learnt at school.
Len recited the breakfast menu – cereal, bacon and eggs, and toast.
• Each student had to recite a poem.
When someone uses this phrase it means he/she does not know the reason behind something.
it is beyond me why people think they should real classics
of extremely bad quality
trashy
trashy novels
of the
like best
of the books I read, the ones I like best are nonfiction
someone who writes plays SYN dramatist
playwright/ˈpleɪraɪt
dramatist
someone who writes plays, especially serious ones SYN playwright
dramatist.//ˈdræmətɪst
1 [countable usually plural] a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc
implication of
What are the implications of these proposals?
This election has profound implications for the future of U.S. democracy.
to make someone think about something in a particular way
give (somebody) an impression/a sense/an idea
I didn’t want to give him the wrong idea about the job.
The report gives us a very accurate picture of life in the inner cities.
1 [sentence adverb] used to emphasize a statement or answer
indeed
The blood tests prove that Vince is indeed the father.
‘Would it help if you had an assistant?’ ‘It would indeed.’
1 to happen, especially in a way that is not planned
The opportunity to get into computing came about quite by accident.
How did this situation come about?
1 to describe someone or something as a very bad type of person or thing, often unfairly
brand
brand somebody (as) something
You can’t brand all football supporters as hooligans.
Stealing that money has branded Jim for life – no one will trust him again.
a noisy violent person who causes trouble by fighting etc
hoo‧li‧gan /ˈhuːləɡən/
football hooligans
1 to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave → conformist
وقف دادن، پیروی کردن
con‧form /kənˈfɔːm $ -ɔːrm/
the pressure on schoolchildren to conform
conform to/with
people who do not conform to traditional standards of behaviour
1 INCREASE GRADUALLY if something ….. somewhere, or if you … it ……, it gradually becomes bigger or greater
build up
the rate at which the pension builds up
build up a successful career
the rat race the unpleasant situation in business or in life in which people are always struggling to compete against each other for success
ˈrat race noun
• Children are forced into the rat race for higher salary and prestige.
to stop employing someone because there is no work for them to do →
The company laid off 250 workers in December.
i was laid off
1 when you end your relationship or connection with another person, organization, country etc, especially because of a disagreement
قطعی، جدایی، تفکیک، تجزیه
sev‧er‧ance /ˈsevərəns
an amount of money, and other advantages such as advice on finding a new job, that are offered to an employee when a company tells them to leave.
Severance packages are often offered when companies are RESTRUCTURING (=reorganizing)
dread
dread
[transitive] to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen
I’ve got an interview tomorrow and I’m dreading it.
ripe old age
a) if you live to a ripe old age, you are very old when you die
Eat less and exercise more if you want to live to a ripe old age.
b) used to show that you find it surprising or impressive that someone is doing something or has achieved something at a very young age – used humorously
She was put in charge at the ripe old age of twenty-nine.
1 to feel sorry about something you have done and wish you had not done it
regret
Don’t do anything you might regret.
regret doing something
I regret leaving school so young.
the name given to a product by the company that makes it SYN trade name
brand name
• They have the brand name and consumer mind share.
• When it began three years ago, Anis used its own brand name.
take it for granted (that)
to believe that something is true without making sure
He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam.
to think carefully about the things that have happened in a situation in order to decide what to do next
take stock (of something) While in hospital, Jeremy took stock of his life.
