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Vietnam War > Vietnam War > Flashcards

Vietnam War Flashcards

0
Q

French Indochina

A

Controlled by France before and after WWII.

Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos

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1
Q

Years of the Vietnam War

A

1964-1973

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2
Q

When did Japan take over Indochina?

A

1940 during WWII

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3
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Vietnamese man Sentenced to death in 1930
Fled to the Soviet Union and China
In 1941 he returned to Vietnam as a communist to gain independence

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4
Q

Vietnam War after WWII

A

Ho expected Vietnam to become independence but France returned
Guerrilla war waged against French by Ho’s followers
U.S. Financially supported France: $15 million in 1950, $2.6 in the next 4 years

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5
Q

When was Eisenhower elected? What was his theory for Asia?

A

1953.

The domino theory: if one country falls to communism, the rest will fall too- part of the containment policy

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6
Q

Battle when French were defeated and what year

A

Diem Bien Phu in 1954

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7
Q

Geneva accords

A

Peace agreement 1954
Divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel
said there was going to be an election to unify Vietnam scheduled for 1956

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8
Q

The new Vietnam: north and south

A

North: communist, Ho Chi Minh was the leader, Hanoi, Ho was very popular, supported by Russia

South: Anti-communist/Nationalists, Ngo Dinh Diem was the leader, Saigon, supported the America

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9
Q

Problems in south Vietnam

A

In 1956, the election was canceled because Diem refused to participate; he knew Minh was going to win.

Diem created a corrupt government

Vietcong: National Liberation Front: a communist group in the south who supported the north.

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10
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A

A hidden trail from north Vietnam to south Vietnam to provide weapons and supplies to the Vietcong

Kennedy increased money to South

Military advisors sent to south to train south Vietnam’s soldiers- 16,000 sent by 1963

everyone realized that Diem had to go

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11
Q

Diem overthrow

A

November 1 1963

Military coup supported by America

Diem was executed: chaos increased

Weeks later Kennedy was assassinated

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12
Q

What year was LBJ elected in and what number president?

A

1963 & 36

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13
Q

The fighting

A

The U.S. Came into the war thinking it would be quick and easy
But the enemy was not what they expected
Vietcong used guerrilla tactics: Booby traps, land mines, hit and runs
New terrain for America: couldn’t determine who was Vietcong

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14
Q

The Vietcong tunnel system

A

Elaborate underground tunnels

  • well hidden
  • used for shelter
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15
Q

What kind of war did the Vietnam war become?

A

Became a war of attrition

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16
Q

Ho’s important quote

A

“Ten of your men and one of mine and we will still win”

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17
Q

McNamara and his quote

A

Secretary of defense

“I didn’t think these people had the capacity to fight this way.”

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18
Q

New tactics used by America

A

Dropped napalm: a gas bomb
Sprayed agent orange- a weed killer that left land destroyed and people hurt
Search and Destroy missions: invaded and killed entire villages

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19
Q

American soldiers

A

Morale high at the beginning of the war but it quickly faded- they turned to alcohol and drugs
Soldiers knew support wasn’t good at home
South Vietnam’s government was unstable
Became a “Living Room War”

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20
Q

Credibility gap

A

Johnson portrayed a positive image of the war
Americans saw something different on tv.
Generals were optimistic
“I want to get out but I don’t want to give in.

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21
Q

The draft

A

Men 18-26 were eligible
Men sought deferments- put off military service (medical excuses, college, joined the national guard
Younger, not as smart, and minority groups most likely to be drafted

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22
Q

Tet offensive

A 
Surprise attack by Vietcong
Vietnamese new year- week long truce
But Vietcong launched a surprise attack
Over 100 towns and 12 U.S. Based
Vietcong lost 32,000
America lost 3,000
Generals claimed it was a victory but only in numbers 
Americans began distrusting government
23
Q

Protests began

A

Rallies
Returning veterans began to protest war
Singers portrayed public’s dislike of war
Americans became divided- pro-war or anti-war

24
Q

LBJ’s views

A

Didn’t want to seem soft on communism or let Vietnam “fall into it”
Escalated the conflict by increasing the role of U.S. In Vietnam

25
Q

The Tonkin Gulf resolution

A

August 2 1964 North Vietnam boat fired at an American destroyer- the USS Maddox but missed

August 4 1964- USS Maddox was allele fly fired on again. LBJ asked for more power and congress agreed

26
Q

Operation Rolling Thunder

A

February 1965- bombing of north Vietnam

By June there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

27
Q

Election of 1964

A

LBJ reelected and people seemed to support him
Johnson continued escalating war
By 1967- 500,000 U.S. Troops were in Vietnam

28
Q

America divided

A

Doves-Strongly opposed the war
Hawks- said to unleash greater military force to end the war
1967- 66% of people still supported the war

29
Q

Election of 1968

A

Robert Kennedy announced he would run but he was assassinated
Hubert Humphrey- democratic nominee
Nixon was the republican- promised to restore law and order, promise to end the war, he appealed to many Americans- became 37th president

30
Q

Vietnamization

A

Gradual withdrawal if U.S. Troops
America and North Vietnam couldn’t agree
August 1969- 1st 25,000 troops sent home
Nixon wanted north Vietnam to think he would do anything
Ordered bombings on North Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

31
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

March 16 1968- lieutenant William Calley ordered troops into the village of My Lai looking for Vietcong but didn’t find any
They did shoot and kill almost everyone- mostly women and children
November 1969- Seymour Hersh reported this and it shocked Americans
25 officers charged and imprisoned

32
Q

The counter culture

A

Hippie movement
Emerged during Vietnam war
They were fed up with society
Wore colorful clothing, long hair, liberal use if drugs

33
Q

Ashbury district

A 
San Fran ("Hippie Capital")
Hallucinogenic drugs- got very dangerous very fast
34
Q

Jimi Hendrix

A

Singer that portrayed what young Americans were feeling

Died from overdose

35
Q

Janis Joplin

A

Hippie singer

Died from overdose

36
Q

Woodstock

A

August 1969- free music festival in a small farm in upstate New York
400,000 people showed in 3 days
Many famous musicians played

37
Q

Andy Warhol

A

Counter culture artist

Very famous

38
Q

Conservative reaction

A

A group of people that attacked the counter culture

“silent majority”

39
Q

Kent state university

A

Ohio where the hardest college protesters took place
ROTC building burned
Mayor called national guard- May 4 1970- they fired into the crowd
9 wounded and 4 killed

40
Q

Jackson state Mississippi

A

All black college
12 wounded and 2 killed - 10 days after kent state
People began debating shootings
Rallies began in support of government

41
Q

Invasion of Cambodia

A

April 30 1970- invasion to clear out supply centers
College students erupted with outrage- 1.5 million students went on strike
1000 campuses closed

42
Q

Congress’ view on the invasion of Cambodia

A

Not happy

Upset that Nixon did that

43
Q

When did congress repeal the Tonkin gulf resolution and why

A

December 31 1970- because they were unhappy about Nixon invading Cambodia
It have the president too much power

44
Q

Pentagon papers

A

Leaked in June 1971- documents written by McNamara (secretary of defense) that stated that the government planned to send troops even though LBJ said he wouldn’t
Showed there was no plan to stop the was and that the government wasn’t honest

45
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

President’s advisor for national security: expert on international relations and tried negotiating with North Vietnam

46
Q

Last push in the Vietnam war

A

“Christmas bombings”
100,000 bombs dropped over 11 days
In North Vietnam

47
Q

War finally ends

A

January 27 1973- North Vietnam invades south Vietnam
South asks America for help- Ford sent economic aid but refused to send troops
April 30 1975- North Vietnam captured Saigon- soon the rest fell

48
Q

POW

A

Prisoner of war

2,202 in Vietnam

49
Q

MIA

A

Missing in action

50
Q

Casualties

A

US: 58,000 killed, 365,000 wounded

North and South Vietnam: 1.5 million killed

51
Q

Veterans

A

When they came back to America, they were not treated well

Many suffered from depression, PTSD, and many committed suicide

52
Q

US foreign policy

A

Changed after Vietnam- ended

The draft

53
Q

War powers act

A

Limited presidential power in war time

54
Q

North Vietnam after the war

A

Harsh to the south
Reeducation camps
1.5 million south Vietnamese fled the country- “bood people”

55
Q

Beatles

A 
Paul McCartney (alive), John Lennon (killed in NYC), George Harrison (cancer and died), Rango Star (alive)
From Liverpool England
Came out in august 1960
On the Ed Sullivan show in 1964
Broke up in 1971

Vietnam War (1 decks)

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