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Vietnam War Flashcards

0
Q

French Indochina

A

Controlled by France before and after WWII.

Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos

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1
Q

Years of the Vietnam War

A

1964-1973

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2
Q

When did Japan take over Indochina?

A

1940 during WWII

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3
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Vietnamese man Sentenced to death in 1930
Fled to the Soviet Union and China
In 1941 he returned to Vietnam as a communist to gain independence

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4
Q

Vietnam War after WWII

A

Ho expected Vietnam to become independence but France returned
Guerrilla war waged against French by Ho’s followers
U.S. Financially supported France: $15 million in 1950, $2.6 in the next 4 years

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5
Q

When was Eisenhower elected? What was his theory for Asia?

A

1953.

The domino theory: if one country falls to communism, the rest will fall too- part of the containment policy

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6
Q

Battle when French were defeated and what year

A

Diem Bien Phu in 1954

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7
Q

Geneva accords

A

Peace agreement 1954
Divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel
said there was going to be an election to unify Vietnam scheduled for 1956

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8
Q

The new Vietnam: north and south

A

North: communist, Ho Chi Minh was the leader, Hanoi, Ho was very popular, supported by Russia

South: Anti-communist/Nationalists, Ngo Dinh Diem was the leader, Saigon, supported the America

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9
Q

Problems in south Vietnam

A

In 1956, the election was canceled because Diem refused to participate; he knew Minh was going to win.

Diem created a corrupt government

Vietcong: National Liberation Front: a communist group in the south who supported the north.

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10
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A

A hidden trail from north Vietnam to south Vietnam to provide weapons and supplies to the Vietcong

Kennedy increased money to South

Military advisors sent to south to train south Vietnam’s soldiers- 16,000 sent by 1963

everyone realized that Diem had to go

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11
Q

Diem overthrow

A

November 1 1963

Military coup supported by America

Diem was executed: chaos increased

Weeks later Kennedy was assassinated

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12
Q

What year was LBJ elected in and what number president?

A

1963 & 36

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13
Q

The fighting

A

The U.S. Came into the war thinking it would be quick and easy
But the enemy was not what they expected
Vietcong used guerrilla tactics: Booby traps, land mines, hit and runs
New terrain for America: couldn’t determine who was Vietcong

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14
Q

The Vietcong tunnel system

A

Elaborate underground tunnels

  • well hidden
  • used for shelter
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15
Q

What kind of war did the Vietnam war become?

A

Became a war of attrition

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16
Q

Ho’s important quote

A

“Ten of your men and one of mine and we will still win”

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17
Q

McNamara and his quote

A

Secretary of defense

“I didn’t think these people had the capacity to fight this way.”

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18
Q

New tactics used by America

A

Dropped napalm: a gas bomb
Sprayed agent orange- a weed killer that left land destroyed and people hurt
Search and Destroy missions: invaded and killed entire villages

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19
Q

American soldiers

A

Morale high at the beginning of the war but it quickly faded- they turned to alcohol and drugs
Soldiers knew support wasn’t good at home
South Vietnam’s government was unstable
Became a “Living Room War”

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20
Q

Credibility gap

A

Johnson portrayed a positive image of the war
Americans saw something different on tv.
Generals were optimistic
“I want to get out but I don’t want to give in.

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21
Q

The draft

A

Men 18-26 were eligible
Men sought deferments- put off military service (medical excuses, college, joined the national guard
Younger, not as smart, and minority groups most likely to be drafted

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22
Q

Tet offensive

A 
Surprise attack by Vietcong
Vietnamese new year- week long truce
But Vietcong launched a surprise attack
Over 100 towns and 12 U.S. Based
Vietcong lost 32,000
America lost 3,000
Generals claimed it was a victory but only in numbers 
Americans began distrusting government
23
Q

Protests began

A

Rallies
Returning veterans began to protest war
Singers portrayed public’s dislike of war
Americans became divided- pro-war or anti-war

24
LBJ's views
Didn't want to seem soft on communism or let Vietnam "fall into it" Escalated the conflict by increasing the role of U.S. In Vietnam
25
The Tonkin Gulf resolution
August 2 1964 North Vietnam boat fired at an American destroyer- the USS Maddox but missed August 4 1964- USS Maddox was allele fly fired on again. LBJ asked for more power and congress agreed
26
Operation Rolling Thunder
February 1965- bombing of north Vietnam | By June there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam
27
Election of 1964
LBJ reelected and people seemed to support him Johnson continued escalating war By 1967- 500,000 U.S. Troops were in Vietnam
28
America divided
Doves-Strongly opposed the war Hawks- said to unleash greater military force to end the war 1967- 66% of people still supported the war
29
Election of 1968
Robert Kennedy announced he would run but he was assassinated Hubert Humphrey- democratic nominee Nixon was the republican- promised to restore law and order, promise to end the war, he appealed to many Americans- became 37th president
30
Vietnamization
Gradual withdrawal if U.S. Troops America and North Vietnam couldn't agree August 1969- 1st 25,000 troops sent home Nixon wanted north Vietnam to think he would do anything Ordered bombings on North Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
31
My Lai Massacre
March 16 1968- lieutenant William Calley ordered troops into the village of My Lai looking for Vietcong but didn't find any They did shoot and kill almost everyone- mostly women and children November 1969- Seymour Hersh reported this and it shocked Americans 25 officers charged and imprisoned
32
The counter culture
Hippie movement Emerged during Vietnam war They were fed up with society Wore colorful clothing, long hair, liberal use if drugs
33
Ashbury district
``` San Fran ("Hippie Capital") Hallucinogenic drugs- got very dangerous very fast ```
34
Jimi Hendrix
Singer that portrayed what young Americans were feeling | Died from overdose
35
Janis Joplin
Hippie singer | Died from overdose
36
Woodstock
August 1969- free music festival in a small farm in upstate New York 400,000 people showed in 3 days Many famous musicians played
37
Andy Warhol
Counter culture artist | Very famous
38
Conservative reaction
A group of people that attacked the counter culture | "silent majority"
39
Kent state university
Ohio where the hardest college protesters took place ROTC building burned Mayor called national guard- May 4 1970- they fired into the crowd 9 wounded and 4 killed
40
Jackson state Mississippi
All black college 12 wounded and 2 killed - 10 days after kent state People began debating shootings Rallies began in support of government
41
Invasion of Cambodia
April 30 1970- invasion to clear out supply centers College students erupted with outrage- 1.5 million students went on strike 1000 campuses closed
42
Congress' view on the invasion of Cambodia
Not happy | Upset that Nixon did that
43
When did congress repeal the Tonkin gulf resolution and why
December 31 1970- because they were unhappy about Nixon invading Cambodia It have the president too much power
44
Pentagon papers
Leaked in June 1971- documents written by McNamara (secretary of defense) that stated that the government planned to send troops even though LBJ said he wouldn't Showed there was no plan to stop the was and that the government wasn't honest
45
Henry Kissinger
President's advisor for national security: expert on international relations and tried negotiating with North Vietnam
46
Last push in the Vietnam war
"Christmas bombings" 100,000 bombs dropped over 11 days In North Vietnam
47
War finally ends
January 27 1973- North Vietnam invades south Vietnam South asks America for help- Ford sent economic aid but refused to send troops April 30 1975- North Vietnam captured Saigon- soon the rest fell
48
POW
Prisoner of war | 2,202 in Vietnam
49
MIA
Missing in action
50
Casualties
US: 58,000 killed, 365,000 wounded | North and South Vietnam: 1.5 million killed
51
Veterans
When they came back to America, they were not treated well | Many suffered from depression, PTSD, and many committed suicide
52
US foreign policy
Changed after Vietnam- ended | The draft
53
War powers act
Limited presidential power in war time
54
North Vietnam after the war
Harsh to the south Reeducation camps 1.5 million south Vietnamese fled the country- "bood people"
55
Beatles
``` Paul McCartney (alive), John Lennon (killed in NYC), George Harrison (cancer and died), Rango Star (alive) From Liverpool England Came out in august 1960 On the Ed Sullivan show in 1964 Broke up in 1971 ```

Vietnam War (1 decks)

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