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Vietnam and Korea > Vietnam > Flashcards

Vietnam Flashcards

1
Q

when was the civil war in Vietnam?

with the French

A

1945 - 1954

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2
Q

in the Civil War, how much money did America pour in for the French?

A

$500million a year

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3
Q

when and what was Dien Bien Phu?

A

1954

The Vietminh defeated the French. They agreed to withdraw their troops, leaving Vietminh in charge of the North

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4
Q

when was the Geneva Peace Conference?

A

1954

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5
Q

what percentage of the population was Buddhist?

A

70%

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6
Q

what two things did Eisenhower’s America help South Korea with?
(1954 - 1960)

A

supported Diem’s regime with $1.6billion in the 50s

sent equipment and military advisors

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7
Q

when did the Vietcong start?

A

Dec 1960

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8
Q

when was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

1965

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9
Q

what was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

a mass bombing attack on North Vietnam but turned out to be very unsuccessful.

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10
Q

how many US marines were there in 1965?

A

3,500

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11
Q

why did America become increasingly involved in Vietnam?

A

To contain the spread of communism

the initial reaction: US army treated the war as a success. They were treated as hereos because all recorded dead were Vietcong

the court proceedings: Lieutenant William was trailer for mass murder of 109 people on September 1969, sentenced for 20 years. But in November 1974 he was released

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12
Q

when was the Tet Offensive?

A

1968

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13
Q

what happened in the Tet Offensive?

A

4500 Vietcong fighters attacked 100 cities and other military targets including the American and Southern army in Saigon for two days

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14
Q

when was the Vietnam war?

A

1965-73

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15
Q

how many Viet Cong fighters were killed?

A

500,000 compared to 6,000 Americans

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16
Q

how did the media coverage change after the Tet Offensive?

A

beforehand it was positive but now began to question America’s involvement in the war

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17
Q

who reported negatively of the Tet Offensive?

A

Walter Cronkite

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18
Q

how did the Tet Offensive affect Johnson?

A

didn’t stand for re-election as found the war unwinnable

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19
Q

when was the My Lai Massacre?

A

March 1968

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20
Q

how many civilians died in the My Lai Massacre?

A

300

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21
Q

why did America withdraw from Vietnam?

A

America’s military failure

The success of the Viet Cong

The Tet Offensive

Human and economic cost of the war

anti-war protests

Vietnamisation

22
Q

how many US soldiers died during the war?

A

58,000

23
Q

who began the protest against the war?

A

Civil Rights campaigners like Martin Luther King

Students

People angry at Johnson was funding an expensive war and not his Great Society

24
Q

what percentage of African Americans were drafted to fight?

A

30% comapered to 19% white Americans

25
Q

which famous boxer refused to fight?

A

Muhammad Ali

26
Q

how many anti-war protests were there in 1968?

A

over 100

27
Q

when and why did the Kent State protest happen?

A

1970 because Nixon invaded Cambodia

28
Q

how many students were killed at Kent State?

A

4

29
Q

how many protestors demonstrated in Washington in November 1969?

A

700,000

30
Q

why did the media and protests encourage America to withdraw?

A

Anti-war feeling rose and put pressure on the government to end America’s involvement to appeal to the public

31
Q

what evidence is there that protests didn’t actually encourage American withdrawal?

A

Most protests happened after Nixon decided to withdraw. They sped it up rather than causing the decision to withdraw

32
Q

what was Vietnamisation?

A

handing over the fighting to ARVN (the South’s army) to. protect themselves and America to withdraw

33
Q

why did Vietnamisation allow America to withdraw?

A

America could leave without looking like they lost the war

34
Q

what was the result of the peace talks in Paris, May 1968

A

no outcomes agreed

35
Q

who lead America’s negotiations?

A

Henry Kissinger

36
Q

what countries did Nixon decide to invade?

A

Cambodia and Laos

37
Q

why did Nixon invade Cambodia and Laos?

A

to destroy VC bases show America’s strength and force Vietnam go be more willing to negotiate

38
Q

what were the consequences of Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia and Laos?

A

N. Vietnam withdrew from peace talks and protests began in America

39
Q

when did Nixon restart bombing against North Vietnam? and why?

A

April 1972 because in March, the North invaded the South

40
Q

why did relations between the countries change? (USSR, China and America)

A

there was a breakdown in relations between the Soviet Union and China this made it easier for the US to negotiate with both counties as they were keen to have America on their sides

41
Q

what impact did improved relations with China and the USSR have on ending the war in Vietnam?

A

more negotiations with North Vietnam easier as America could pressure the USSR to help with people talks

42
Q

what did the peace agreement state?

A

Immediate ceasefire Withdrawal of US forces Release of prisoners of war South Vietnam would remain independent

43
Q

why did it take America so long to withdraw from Vietnam?

A

Policy of Vietnamisation took time Invasions of Cambodia and Laos delayed peace negotiations Nixon was preoccupied with the Watergate scandal The US wanted peace with honour

44
Q

when and what was the Watergate scandal?

A

June 1972. police working for Democrats caught men trying to bug their building (these men were working for Nixon). The Republicans denied this, consequently Nixon was re-elected. Later, evidence emerged that implicated Nixon to the bugging. Nixon was threatened with impeachment and resigned in August 1974

45
Q

why did America’s policy of Vietnamisation fail?

A

the South’s army was no match for the North

46
Q

how many people died in the war? (civilians, communist fighters and US soldiers)

A

civilians - 2 million communist fighters - 1.1 million US soldiers - 58,000

47
Q

how much land was destroyed?

A

5.4 million

48
Q

how many South Vietnamese people were displaced?

A

5 million

49
Q

why did the Vietnamese have to leave their homes?

A

bombing and fighting had destroyed their homes and land

50
Q

how was the US army affected by the war?

A

Increases in deserters in the final stage of war Widespread drug addiction (30% of US troops were addicted to heroin) Many soldiers suffered from PTSD

51
Q

what were the long term effects of the Vietnam war?

A

Took 20 years to recover from the war Thousands of people fled the country when it became Communist to live in Hong Kong and Malaysia Around 1 million Vietnamese people escaped to the West (mainly America)

Vietnam and Korea (3 decks)

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