videos osmosis modulo 1 semestre 1 Flashcards
What is the cranial base?
The cranial base is the most inferior part of the skull. It consists of the floor of the cranial cavity and the inferior aspect of the viscerocranium, minus the mandible.
What role does the cranial base play in the skull’s structure?
Together with the cranial vault, the cranial base contributes to the neurocranium, which is the part of the skull that protects the brain.
Which bones form the external surface of the cranial base?
The external surface of the cranial base is formed by the maxillary, palatine, vomer, sphenoid, and occipital bones in the midline, and the zygomatic and temporal bones laterally.
What structures are located in the most anterior part of the cranial base?
The most anterior part of the cranial base includes the alveolar arch and the hard palate, which forms both the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity.
What is the function of the choanae in the cranial base?
The choanae allow air to pass from the nasal cavities into the pharynx.
What makes up the hard palate?
The hard palate is made up of the palatine processes of both maxillary bones and the horizontal plates of both palatine bones.
How does the vomer contribute to the structure of the nasal septum?
The vomer is an unpaired bone located in the midline, forming the nasal septum together with the ethmoid bone, to which it articulates superiorly.
What are the three pairs of processes found on the sphenoid bone?
The sphenoid bone has three pairs of processes: the greater wings, the lesser wings, and the pterygoid processes (which include a medial and lateral plate).
Where is the foramen magnum located, and what is its significance?
The foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone and is significant as the passage where the spinal cord connects to the brain. It also allows passage for the vertebral arteries, spinal arteries, tectorial membrane, and spinal accessory nerves.
What structures pass through the hypoglossal canal?
The hypoglossal nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal, which is located anterior to each occipital condyle.
What is the jugular foramen, and what does it allow to pass?
The jugular foramen is a passage formed by the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. It allows the passage of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI and is where the internal jugular vein emerges as the continuation of the sigmoid sinus.
What structures pass through the stylomastoid foramen?
The facial nerve and stylomastoid artery pass through the stylomastoid foramen, which is located between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.
What is the rotator cuff, and what is its function?
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis) that help stabilize the shoulder, particularly during rotational motion.
What happens during a rotator cuff tear?
A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles are torn, which can lead to pain, weakness, and instability in the shoulder.
How does the shoulder joint function in relation to the rotator cuff?
The round head of the humerus fits and rotates inside the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. The rotator cuff muscles form a cuff around the head of the humerus, stabilizing it and aiding in movements such as abduction and rotation.
