Video Surveillance Flashcards by Peter Carlson

In the ? , closed circuit television (CCTV) emerged as an industry.

a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s

b.1970s

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What demands do consumers have for products in the CCTV industry?

I. Better image quality
II. Edge storage and built-in intelligence
III. Integration with other systems
IV. Lower cost
V. Remote monitoring capability

All answers

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For a CCTV system to be truly digital, it requires that a digital video recorder be installed on the system.

True or False

False

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A quad simply takes inputs from four cameras and creates one video signal output to show four different images on a single screen.

True or False

True

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What device makes it possible to map selected cameras to specific viewing monitors in a control room?
Select one:
a. DVR 
b. Multiplexer
c. NVR 
d. Quad

B.Multiplexer

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What decade was the DVR developed?

1990s

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DVRs replaced the ? , thereby reducing the number of components in a CCTV system

a. multiplexer
b. video encoder
c. VCR
d. a. and b.
e. a. and c.

E. a and c

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Which is not a major advantage of the DVR system?
Select one:
a. Ability to easily edit recorded video
b. Ability to search quickly through recorded video
c. Consistent recording quality
d. No tape changes

A. Ability to easily edit recorded video

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Early DVRs had many advantages and disadvantages over VCRs. Which describes an early DVR disadvantage?
Select one:
a. Burdened with many tasks (digitizing video from all cameras)
b. Limited scalability
c. Virus protection was difficult to implement
d. a. and b. only
e. a., b., and c.

E. a, b, and c

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The first step into a network video system, based on an open platform, came with the introduction of the   ?  .
Select one:
a. matrix switcher 
b. network video recorder 
c. video decoder 
d. video encoder

D.video encoder

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Where analog cameras were installed   ?   ago and still function well, video encoders are typically installed.
Select one:
a. 2-4 years
b. 4-6 years
c. 6-8 years
d. 8-10 years

a.2-4 years

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What is an advantage of a video encoder-based network video system?

I. Future proof solution
II. Nonproprietary hardware
III. Off-site recording capability
IV. Scalability
V. Virus resistant

I, II, III,IV

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A hybrid DVR can handle both network video inputs and analog inputs, whereas a network video recorder can only handle network video inputs.

True or False

True

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Images that are captured with a network camera ? .
Select one:
a. are digitized one time and remain digitized throughout the system
b. are encoded by the camera, then transported to the network, and can be shown on a screen
c. must be decoded before the image
d. b. and c

A. Are digitized one time and remain digitized throughout the system

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Each time an image is converted from analog to digital or from digital to analog, there will be a loss of video quality.
True or False

True

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In addition to the ability to carry multiple video camera signals over the same physical network cable, an IP network can also provide which of these for a network camera?
I. Information can be provided to and from a camera using inputs and outputs
II. Pan, tilt, and zoom commands
III. Power
IV. Two-way audio

I,II,III,IV

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An IP network enables cameras to be configured remotely.

True or False

True

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Which is not a typical component of a network video system?
Select one:
a. Multiplexer 
b. Server and storage 
c. Video encoder 
d. Video management software

a.multiplexer

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With network video, the network infrastructure platform consists of substantially proprietary equipment.
Select one:
True
False

False

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Other than providing high-quality video, what other useful purposes can be provided with a network video system?

I. Broadcasting video
II. Business intelligence
III. Patient monitoring in healthcare
IV. Remote monitoring of equipment, people, and places

All of them

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What is another name for a network camera?

IP camera

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A network camera is fully bidirectional, allowing information to be sent to the camera and received from the camera over the IP network.
True or False

True

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A ? makes it possible to integrate an analog camera into a network video system without having to discard existing analog equipment.

Video encoder

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How many ports are typically installed on a video encoder for analog camera plugs?

1,4, or 16

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What functionalities can a video encoder support (other than receiving video input)? a. Audio b. Digital inputs and outputs c. Pan, tilt, and zoom control d. All of the above

D.All the above

Analog cameras will likely be replaced in the next few years. Therefore, the need for encoders will be short lived. True or False

False

``` The server and storage components used in network videos are based on ? equipment. Select one: a. IPv6 b. Linux based c. proprietary d. standard IT ```

D.Standard IT

For storage purposes, approximately how many cameras can be installed on a network video system using a regular server?

? is at the center of video management, monitoring, analysis, and recording.

Video management softwar

Which is a published standard for interfacing to IP cameras and encoders?

ONVIF

``` Video management systems, based on open systems, can easily be integrated with ? systems. Select one: a. access control b. building management c. industrial control d. Any of the above ```

D.Any of the above

Intelligent video is also called ?

Video analytics, Video content analysis, video intelligence

When all intelligence for an intelligent video system resides in the video management system, it is known as a ? system.

Centralized

When all intelligence for an intelligent video system resides in the network camera or video encoder, it is known as a ? system.

Distributed

``` Where is intelligent video mostly used? Select one: a. Government b. High-risk transportation c. Retail applications d. All of the above ```

d.All the above

With outdoor network cameras, a(n) ? is often used to regulate the amount of light that the image sensor is exposed.

Auto-iris lens

What type of camera is typically used when the customer wants it pointing in a specific location and it is clearly visible? a. Covert camera b. Fixed camera c. Panoramic camera d. PTZ camera

B.Fixed Camera

In ? mode, a PTZ camera moves continuously between presets. This allows one PTZ camera to cover an area where many fixed cameras would otherwise be needed.

Guard Tour

What are the typical ranges for a PTZ camera’s optical zoom?

3X to 40X

What type of camera can deliver 360° or 180° surveillance without moving camera parts?

Panoramic

What type of camera is designed to blend in with the environment and be virtually impossible to discover?

Covert Camera

A covert camera’s cable that goes between the sensor unit and the central unit is typically less than ? .

33Ft

What type of camera creates images based on the heat that radiates from all objects?

Thermal Camera

With newer PTZ cameras, HDTV sensors are commonly used. Because these sensors use progressive scan, there is less ? in the images they produce.

Motion Blur

Electronic image stabilization is made within the camera’s processor and is achieved through a combination of motion estimation and image shift. True or False

True

What function of a PTZ camera electronically and automatically rotates the images 180°?

E-Flip

What function is provided in some PTZ cameras that eliminate the need for a slip ring, while still allowing the camera to cover a 360° pan?

Auto-flip

What type of camera is sometimes referred to as a 360° camera because it can monitor any direction when mounted to a ceiling?

Panoramic

What type of camera typically includes three or four individual cameras combined into one unit?

Multisensor

What type of cameras are specifically designed for discreet and efficient surveillance in trains, subway cars, buses, and emergency vehicles?

Onboard camera

To achieve true day and night functionality of a camera, a removable IR cut filter must be used. True or False

True

How long will a typical IR illuminator last out in the field?

5-10 years

How many megapixels are provided with a 4K Ultra-HD network camera?

How many megapixels are provided with HDTV 1080p cameras?

Network cameras that are produced today, more than ___% are megapixel cameras.

75%

Network cameras that are produced today, more than ___% are megapixel cameras.

75%

What form of light creates sharp contrasts with highlights and shadows?

Direct light

What form of light lowers contrasts, affecting the brightness of colors and the level of detail that can be captured? a. Diffuse Light b. Direct light c. Sidelight d. Specular reflection

A.Diffuse light

? is the light that bounces off a surface and is then reflected in another direction.

Specular reflection

What light direction is ideal for a camera? a. Backlight b. Diffuse light c. Frontal light d. Sidelight

C.Frontal light

Light sensitivity is often specified in Lux. | True or False

True

When a camera has a low lux rating in its specification, it means ? . a. the camera can gather light from much farther distances b. the camera has a limited range to see objects c. the camera is less light sensitive d. the camera is more light sensitive

D.The camera is more light sensitive

What is the typical lux needed to illuminate an object so a camera can produce a good quality image?

200 lux

One footcandle is equal to ____lux.

10.7

What is the illuminance of sunlight during midday?

32,000

By adjusting the gain on a camera, an installer can improve the light sensitivity. True or False

False (adjusting gain only boosts the video signal)

If the gain is increased on a camera, it also increases the noise in the image from a camera. True or False

True

Color temperature is measured in ? .

Kelvin

What is the approximate color temperature of sunlight during midday?

5500 K

Near-infrared light spans the range between ? .

700-1000nm

Which lens functions affect image quality?

1. Controlling the amount of light 2. Defining the field of view 3. Focusing

Which lens type is not commonly used with surveillance cameras? a. Fixed lens b. Telephoto lens c. Varifocal lens d. Zoom lens

B.Telephoto

What is the typical focal length range for a varifocal lens?

3-8mm

``` Which is not a lens mount standard used for interchangeable network camera lenses? Select one: a. C-mount b. CS-mount c. S-mount d. TS-mount ```

D.TS-mount

Name three sub-areas of angle-of-view

1. Normal view 2. Telephoto view 3. Wide angle view

To achieve a wide field of view, the focal length should be shorter. True or False

True

What is the focal length range of traditional lenses that have a normal field of view?

35-70mm

Telephoto lenses used with traditional cameras have focal lengths of more than ? .

70mm

A wide angle lens has a focal length of less than ? .

35mm

What determines a network camera's field of view?

1. Lens Focal length | 2. The size of the image sensor

What are the typical sizes of image sensors?

1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3

What controls the amount of light captured by an image sensor?

Exposure time and aperture

When exposure time is increased, motion blur is also increased. True or False

True

How many types of auto-iris lenses are available?

? was designed to address the shortcomings of auto-iris while maintaining the benefits of an automatically controlled iris. a. C-iris b. DC-iris c. P-iris d. Video iris

C.P-iris

? limits the closing of the iris to prevent diffraction. a. C-iris b. DC-iris c. P-iris d. Video iris

C.P-iris

Which is a true statement about f-number? I. A small f-number is achieved through a large aperture relative to the focal length II. F-numbers can be expressed only as “f:D” III. The f-number is the ratio of the lens’ focal length to the diameter of the aperture IV. The smaller the f-number, the better the lens’ light gathering ability

I,III, IV

``` What affects the depth of field? Select one: a. Aperture b. Camera-to-object distance c. Focal length d. All of the above ```

D.all of the above

A small f-number enables objects to be in focus over a longer range. True or False

False ( A larger f-number enables objects to be in focus over a longer range)

What size image sensor is typically used with most network cameras?

1/4 or 1/3 inch

? is the ratio of the area devoted to light gathering, compared with the total area of the image sensor.

Fill Factor

To capture both dark and bright objects in the same scene without showing too much noise, the cameras image sensor must have a(n) ? .

High dynamic range

Fixed pattern noise is noise that has a pattern that does not change over time. True or False

True

What compression technique removes repeated pixel values?

Run-length coding

What compression technique reduces color resolution?

Subsampling

Which is an example of lossless image compression?

GIF

What artifact causes parts of images to appear on the client monitor at the incorrect time

Jitter

Which compression standard is primarily used for putting movies on DVDS

MPEG-2

Which type of frame is intrapredicted and self-contained?

I-frame

What type of frame is predicted from the last I-frame or P-frame reference frame?

P-frame