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Week 1 BIO 3005 > Video 2 > Flashcards

Video 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 branches of cells:

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukary

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2
Q

Archaea’s only exist in:

A

extreme conditions (extremely hot or cold environment) and are prokaryotic

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells contains:

A

Chromosomes (nucleoide region)
Pili
Ribosomes
Food Granule
Prokaryotic Flagellum
Plasmid (DNA)
Cytosol
Plasma Membrane
Cell wall
Capusle or Slime Layer

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4
Q

Chromosomes (nucleoide) region) (PROK)

A

This nucleoide contains all or most of the genetic material

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5
Q

Pili (PROK)

A

Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells. Shorter pili called fimbriae help bacteria attach to surfaces.

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6
Q

Ribosomes (PROK)

A

Ribosomes are cell structures responsible for protein production.

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7
Q

Food Granule (PROK)

A

Granules found in plastids or in the cytoplasm, are assumed to be food reserves, often of glycogen or other carbohydrate polymers. nutrients and reserves may be stored in the cytoplasm in the form of glycogen, lipids, polyphosphate, or in some cases, sulfur or nitrogen

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8
Q

Prokaryotic Flagellum (PROK)

A

Flagella are long, whip-like protrusions that aid in cellular locomotion aka used for cell movement

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9
Q

Plasmid (DNA) (PROK)

A

They carry genes for replicating their DNA, transferring themselves from one host cell to another, and for a variety of phenotypes.

Plasmids are gene-carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction.

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10
Q

Cytosol (PROK)

A

a liquid matrix around the organelles. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol

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11
Q

Plasma Membrane (PROK)

A

It controls what enters and leaves the cell. cellular respiration and photosynthesis take place in the plasma membrane

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12
Q

Cell wall (PROK)

A

The cell wall is an outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape.

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13
Q

Capsule (PROK)

A

helps prokaryotes cling to each other and to various surfaces in their environment, and also helps prevent the cell from drying out

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14
Q

Eukaryotic Animal Cells Contain:

A

Nucleus: Chromatin, Nucleolus, Nuclear Envelope
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules
Microvilli
Peroxisome
Centrosome
Flagellum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough and Smooth

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15
Q

Nucleus: Chromatin, Nucleolus, Nuclear Envelope (ANIMAL)

A

Nucleus: serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center
Chromatin: to package DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the tight space of a nucleus
Nuclear Envelope: separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus

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16
Q

Ribosomes (ANIMAL)

A

In addition to synthesizing proteins, ribosomes are responsible for directing polypeptides to their correct cellular location.

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17
Q

Golgi Apparatus (ANIMAL)

A

transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid

18
Q

Plasma Membrane (ANIMAL)

A

regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

19
Q

Mitochondrion (ANIMAL)

A

producing the majority of cellular energy (ATP)

20
Q

Lysosome (ANIMAL)

A

A lysosome digests and breaks down food and recycles materials. degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

21
Q

Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules (ANIMAL)

A

Cytoskeleton: provides structure and organization, resists and transmits stresses, and drives shape change and movement.

Microfilaments: Microfilaments assist with cell movement and are made of a protein called actin. Actin works with another protein called myosin to produce muscle movements, cell division, and cytoplasmic streaming. Microfilaments keep organelles in place within the cell.

Intermediate filaments: the intermediate filaments are not directly involved in cell movements. Instead, they appear to play basically a structural role by providing mechanical strength to cells and tissues.

Microtubules: They are the largest structures in the cytoskeleton and are about 24 nm thick. They facilitate cell movement, cell division, and transportation of materials within the cells

22
Q

Microvilli (ANIMAL)

A

to increase the surface area of the cell’s apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances in the intestine.

23
Q

Peroxisome (ANIMAL)

A

carry out redox reactions that oxidize and break down fatty acids and amino acids. They also help to detoxify many toxins that may enter the body. involved in lipid biosynthesis.

24
Q

Centrosome (ANIMAL)

A

regulates cell motility, adhesion, and polarity in interphase, and facilitates the organization of the spindle poles during mitosis.

25
Flagellum (ANIMAL)
The main flagella function is to assist the cell in movement. This function allows the cell to swim from one location to a more desirable one by rotating a rigid filament emerging from the cell. This movement is similar to the movement of a propeller in a boat.
26
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough and Smooth (ANIMAL)
ER: is a major site of protein synthesis and transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage/ to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function Rough ER: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins. Smooth ER: synthesis of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are used in the production of new cellular membrane and steroids/ The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids,
27
What are NOT in animal cells:
Chloroplasts, Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Plasmodesmata
28
Eukaryotic Plant cells Contains:
Vacuole Mitochondrion Lysosome Cytoplasm Chloroplast Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Nucleus: Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore Cell Wall Plasmodesma Cell Membrane Golgi Apparatus Vesicle Peroxisome
29
Vacuole (PLANT)
store nutrients and water on which a cell can rely for its survival
30
Mitochondrion (PLANT)
they convert energy from one form to another: food nutrients to ATP.
31
Lysosome (PLANT)
the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
32
Cytoplasm (PLANT)
holding the components of the cell and protecting them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
33
Chloroplast (PLANT)
produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes/ convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.
34
Ribosomes (PLANT)
help in protein synthesis.
35
Rough ER Smooth ER (PLANT)
The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins
36
Nucleus: Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pore (PLANT)
Nucleus: contains all of the instructions for how to make proteins for the cell and control cell functions. Nucleoplasm: provide structural support for the chromatin in the form of a gel-like environment Nucleolus: to build components of ribosomes for the cell which later are assembled to make the ribosome Nuclear Envelope: separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus Nuclear Pore: regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
37
Cell Wall (PLANT)
separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment
38
Plasmodesma (PLANT)
The plasmodesmata is a channel through the plant cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move in and out of the cell. It also allows connection and communication between cells.
39
Cell Membrane (PLANT)
provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
40
Golgi Apparatus (PLANT)
transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations
41
Vesicle (PLANT)
help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials
42
Peroxisome (PLANT)
play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling

Week 1 BIO 3005 (3 decks)

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