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Bacteriology > Vibrio, Plesiomonas , HACEK > Flashcards

Vibrio, Plesiomonas , HACEK Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What family do non-enteric gastrointestinal pathogens belong to?

A

Vibrionaceae

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2
Q

Are members of Vibrionaceae part of the indigenous human microbiota?

A

No

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3
Q

What type of motility do Vibrio species exhibit?

A

Rapid darting or shooting motility

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4
Q

Where are Vibrio species commonly found?

A

Brackish water, marine water, salt water, and recreational facilities like pools

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5
Q

What are the modes of acquisition for Vibrio infections?

A

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, skin trauma due to contact with shellfish, ingestion of contaminated water

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6
Q

List some diseases associated with Vibrio species.

A
  • Cholera
  • Wound infection
  • Septicemia
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
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7
Q

What is the oxidase result for Vibrio species?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Which Vibrio species are exceptions to being halophilic?

A

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

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9
Q

What is the antigenic structure of Vibrio species?

A

O, H, K antigen

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10
Q

Which serogroups are associated with V. cholerae?

A
  • V. cholerae O1
  • V. cholerae non-O1
  • V. cholerae O139
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11
Q

What is characteristic of the stool in cholera?

A

Rice water stool

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12
Q

What is the result of the string test for Vibrio species?

A

Most species are positive

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13
Q

What is the Kanagawa phenomenon associated with?

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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14
Q

What does Vibrio mimicus commonly cause?

A

Gastroenteritis and ear infections associated with marine environment

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Septicemia and wound infections involving marine environment

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16
Q

What type of infections does Aeromonas hydrophilia commonly cause?

A

Water-related infections

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17
Q

What is the typical appearance of colonies for Chromobacterium violaceum?

A

Black or very dark purple colonies

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18
Q

What are the common causes of nosocomial infections?

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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19
Q

What is the characteristic odor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

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A

Sweet or grape-like odor

20
Q

What is the significance of Burkholderia mallei?

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A

Causes glanders, a transmissible disease from horses to humans

21
Q

Which test differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas and Plesiomonas?

22
Q

What is the optimum temperature for Campylobacter jejuni growth?

23
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori?

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A

Rapid urease production

24
Q

What condition can be triggered by Campylobacter jejuni infection?

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A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

25
What does the O-F test measure?
CHO oxidation and fermentation
26
What color change indicates acid production in the O-F test?
Yellow
27
What does a positive result in the vibrostic test indicate?
Susceptibility
28
What is the primary association of Haemophilus species?
Sepsis, neonatal meningitis ## Footnote Haemophilus species are known to cause serious infections, particularly in vulnerable populations like neonates.
29
What are the growth factor requirements for Haemophilus species?
X factor (Hemin/Hematin) and V factor (NAD) ## Footnote These factors are essential for the growth of Haemophilus species, which are obligate parasites.
30
Which Haemophilus species is the main cause of meningitis in children under 5 years old?
H. influenzae ## Footnote Particularly serotype B is the most frequently encountered in infections.
31
True or False: Haemophilus ducreyi is associated with soft chancre.
True ## Footnote H. ducreyi is known to cause a painful ulceration in the genital area.
32
What are the preferred incubation conditions for most Haemophilus species?
5% to 10% CO2 at 35°C for 24 to 72 hours ## Footnote Specific conditions are required for optimal growth of Haemophilus species.
33
What is the characteristic morphology of H. ducreyi under microscopic examination?
Small, gram (-) coccobacilli to long filaments ## Footnote They may appear as 'school of fish' or 'railroad tracks' from genital lesions.
34
Fill in the blank: The organism responsible for Whooping Cough is ______.
[B. pertussis] ## Footnote B. pertussis is known for causing whooping cough and is identified through specific culture methods.
35
What is the culture medium used for Bordetella species?
Bordet-Gengou and Regan Lowe media ## Footnote These media are enriched and selective for Bordetella growth.
36
What is the disease associated with Francisella tularensis?
Tularemia ## Footnote Tularemia is primarily a zoonotic disease transmitted from rodents, especially rabbits.
37
Identify the primary transmission route of Brucella species to humans.
Ingestion of contaminated animal products ## Footnote Farmers can also acquire infections through direct animal contact.
38
What is a common characteristic of the HACEK group of bacteria?
Associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis ## Footnote These organisms are normal biota of the oral cavity and can lead to serious infections.
39
Which species is known as the agent of Granuloma inguinale?
Calymmabacterium granulomatis ## Footnote This organism is encapsulated and pleomorphic, often observed within mononuclear cells.
40
What is the defining feature of Pasteurella multocida?
Causes wound infections following contact with domestic animals ## Footnote Commonly associated with cat and dog bites.
41
What type of motility is exhibited by Capnocytophaga?
Gliding motility ## Footnote Capnocytophaga species are known for their unique gliding movement.
42
What is the primary specimen type for Legionella culture?
Bronchial washing, expectorated sputum ## Footnote Legionella species are often difficult to detect directly through Gram staining.
43
List the three stages of Whooping Cough.
* Catarrhal: General flulike symptoms * Paroxysmal: Repetitive coughing episodes * Convalescent: Recovery phase ## Footnote Each stage presents distinct clinical features.
44
True or False: H. aegypticus is associated with purulent conjunctivitis.
True ## Footnote H. aegypticus is also known to cause Brazilian purpuric fever.
45
What is the significance of the Neufeld Reaction in laboratory identification?
Tests for X and V factor requirement and hemolytic patterns ## Footnote It helps differentiate among Haemophilus species based on their growth factor needs.
46
What is the ideal culture medium for Brucella species?
Castañeda medium (Biphasic medium) ## Footnote This medium supports the growth of Brucella through its liquid and solid phases.

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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