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Bacteriology > Vibrio, Plesiomonas , HACEK > Flashcards

Vibrio, Plesiomonas , HACEK Flashcards

1
Q

What family do non-enteric gastrointestinal pathogens belong to?

A

Vibrionaceae

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2
Q

Are members of Vibrionaceae part of the indigenous human microbiota?

A

No

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3
Q

What type of motility do Vibrio species exhibit?

A

Rapid darting or shooting motility

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4
Q

Where are Vibrio species commonly found?

A

Brackish water, marine water, salt water, and recreational facilities like pools

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5
Q

What are the modes of acquisition for Vibrio infections?

A

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, skin trauma due to contact with shellfish, ingestion of contaminated water

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6
Q

List some diseases associated with Vibrio species.

A
  • Cholera
  • Wound infection
  • Septicemia
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
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7
Q

What is the oxidase result for Vibrio species?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Which Vibrio species are exceptions to being halophilic?

A

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

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9
Q

What is the antigenic structure of Vibrio species?

A

O, H, K antigen

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10
Q

Which serogroups are associated with V. cholerae?

A
  • V. cholerae O1
  • V. cholerae non-O1
  • V. cholerae O139
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11
Q

What is characteristic of the stool in cholera?

A

Rice water stool

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12
Q

What is the result of the string test for Vibrio species?

A

Most species are positive

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13
Q

What is the Kanagawa phenomenon associated with?

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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14
Q

What does Vibrio mimicus commonly cause?

A

Gastroenteritis and ear infections associated with marine environment

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Septicemia and wound infections involving marine environment

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16
Q

What type of infections does Aeromonas hydrophilia commonly cause?

A

Water-related infections

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17
Q

What is the typical appearance of colonies for Chromobacterium violaceum?

A

Black or very dark purple colonies

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18
Q

What are the common causes of nosocomial infections?

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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19
Q

What is the characteristic odor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Sweet or grape-like odor

20
Q

What is the significance of Burkholderia mallei?

A

Causes glanders, a transmissible disease from horses to humans

21
Q

Which test differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas and Plesiomonas?

A

String test

22
Q

What is the optimum temperature for Campylobacter jejuni growth?

A

42-43°C

23
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori?

A

Rapid urease production

24
Q

What condition can be triggered by Campylobacter jejuni infection?

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

25
Q

What does the O-F test measure?

A

CHO oxidation and fermentation

26
Q

What color change indicates acid production in the O-F test?

A

Yellow

27
Q

What does a positive result in the vibrostic test indicate?

A

Susceptibility

28
Q

What is the primary association of Haemophilus species?

A

Sepsis, neonatal meningitis

Haemophilus species are known to cause serious infections, particularly in vulnerable populations like neonates.

29
Q

What are the growth factor requirements for Haemophilus species?

A

X factor (Hemin/Hematin) and V factor (NAD)

These factors are essential for the growth of Haemophilus species, which are obligate parasites.

30
Q

Which Haemophilus species is the main cause of meningitis in children under 5 years old?

A

H. influenzae

Particularly serotype B is the most frequently encountered in infections.

31
Q

True or False: Haemophilus ducreyi is associated with soft chancre.

A

True

H. ducreyi is known to cause a painful ulceration in the genital area.

32
Q

What are the preferred incubation conditions for most Haemophilus species?

A

5% to 10% CO2 at 35°C for 24 to 72 hours

Specific conditions are required for optimal growth of Haemophilus species.

33
Q

What is the characteristic morphology of H. ducreyi under microscopic examination?

A

Small, gram (-) coccobacilli to long filaments

They may appear as ‘school of fish’ or ‘railroad tracks’ from genital lesions.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The organism responsible for Whooping Cough is ______.

A

[B. pertussis]

B. pertussis is known for causing whooping cough and is identified through specific culture methods.

35
Q

What is the culture medium used for Bordetella species?

A

Bordet-Gengou and Regan Lowe media

These media are enriched and selective for Bordetella growth.

36
Q

What is the disease associated with Francisella tularensis?

A

Tularemia

Tularemia is primarily a zoonotic disease transmitted from rodents, especially rabbits.

37
Q

Identify the primary transmission route of Brucella species to humans.

A

Ingestion of contaminated animal products

Farmers can also acquire infections through direct animal contact.

38
Q

What is a common characteristic of the HACEK group of bacteria?

A

Associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis

These organisms are normal biota of the oral cavity and can lead to serious infections.

39
Q

Which species is known as the agent of Granuloma inguinale?

A

Calymmabacterium granulomatis

This organism is encapsulated and pleomorphic, often observed within mononuclear cells.

40
Q

What is the defining feature of Pasteurella multocida?

A

Causes wound infections following contact with domestic animals

Commonly associated with cat and dog bites.

41
Q

What type of motility is exhibited by Capnocytophaga?

A

Gliding motility

Capnocytophaga species are known for their unique gliding movement.

42
Q

What is the primary specimen type for Legionella culture?

A

Bronchial washing, expectorated sputum

Legionella species are often difficult to detect directly through Gram staining.

43
Q

List the three stages of Whooping Cough.

A
  • Catarrhal: General flulike symptoms
  • Paroxysmal: Repetitive coughing episodes
  • Convalescent: Recovery phase

Each stage presents distinct clinical features.

44
Q

True or False: H. aegypticus is associated with purulent conjunctivitis.

A

True

H. aegypticus is also known to cause Brazilian purpuric fever.

45
Q

What is the significance of the Neufeld Reaction in laboratory identification?

A

Tests for X and V factor requirement and hemolytic patterns

It helps differentiate among Haemophilus species based on their growth factor needs.

46
Q

What is the ideal culture medium for Brucella species?

A

Castañeda medium (Biphasic medium)

This medium supports the growth of Brucella through its liquid and solid phases.

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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