Vibrio, Plesiomonas , HACEK Flashcards by Liana Unknown

What family do non-enteric gastrointestinal pathogens belong to?

Vibrionaceae

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Are members of Vibrionaceae part of the indigenous human microbiota?

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What type of motility do Vibrio species exhibit?

Rapid darting or shooting motility

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Where are Vibrio species commonly found?

Brackish water, marine water, salt water, and recreational facilities like pools

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What are the modes of acquisition for Vibrio infections?

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, skin trauma due to contact with shellfish, ingestion of contaminated water

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List some diseases associated with Vibrio species.

Cholera
Wound infection
Septicemia
Necrotizing fasciitis

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What is the oxidase result for Vibrio species?

Positive

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Which Vibrio species are exceptions to being halophilic?

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

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What is the antigenic structure of Vibrio species?

O, H, K antigen

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Which serogroups are associated with V. cholerae?

V. cholerae O1
V. cholerae non-O1
V. cholerae O139

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What is characteristic of the stool in cholera?

Rice water stool

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What is the result of the string test for Vibrio species?

Most species are positive

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What is the Kanagawa phenomenon associated with?

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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What does Vibrio mimicus commonly cause?

Gastroenteritis and ear infections associated with marine environment

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What is the clinical significance of Vibrio vulnificus?

Septicemia and wound infections involving marine environment

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What type of infections does Aeromonas hydrophilia commonly cause?

Water-related infections

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What is the typical appearance of colonies for Chromobacterium violaceum?

Black or very dark purple colonies

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What are the common causes of nosocomial infections?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter baumannii
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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What is the characteristic odor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Sweet or grape-like odor

What is the significance of Burkholderia mallei?

Causes glanders, a transmissible disease from horses to humans

Which test differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas and Plesiomonas?

String test

What is the optimum temperature for Campylobacter jejuni growth?

42-43°C

What is the main virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori?

Rapid urease production

What condition can be triggered by Campylobacter jejuni infection?

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

What does the O-F test measure?

CHO oxidation and fermentation

What color change indicates acid production in the O-F test?

Yellow

What does a positive result in the vibrostic test indicate?

Susceptibility

What is the primary association of Haemophilus species?

Sepsis, neonatal meningitis ## Footnote Haemophilus species are known to cause serious infections, particularly in vulnerable populations like neonates.

What are the growth factor requirements for Haemophilus species?

X factor (Hemin/Hematin) and V factor (NAD) ## Footnote These factors are essential for the growth of Haemophilus species, which are obligate parasites.

Which Haemophilus species is the main cause of meningitis in children under 5 years old?

H. influenzae ## Footnote Particularly serotype B is the most frequently encountered in infections.

True or False: Haemophilus ducreyi is associated with soft chancre.

True ## Footnote H. ducreyi is known to cause a painful ulceration in the genital area.

What are the preferred incubation conditions for most Haemophilus species?

5% to 10% CO2 at 35°C for 24 to 72 hours ## Footnote Specific conditions are required for optimal growth of Haemophilus species.

What is the characteristic morphology of H. ducreyi under microscopic examination?

Small, gram (-) coccobacilli to long filaments ## Footnote They may appear as 'school of fish' or 'railroad tracks' from genital lesions.

Fill in the blank: The organism responsible for Whooping Cough is ______.

[B. pertussis] ## Footnote B. pertussis is known for causing whooping cough and is identified through specific culture methods.

What is the culture medium used for Bordetella species?

Bordet-Gengou and Regan Lowe media ## Footnote These media are enriched and selective for Bordetella growth.

What is the disease associated with Francisella tularensis?

Tularemia ## Footnote Tularemia is primarily a zoonotic disease transmitted from rodents, especially rabbits.

Identify the primary transmission route of Brucella species to humans.

Ingestion of contaminated animal products ## Footnote Farmers can also acquire infections through direct animal contact.

What is a common characteristic of the HACEK group of bacteria?

Associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis ## Footnote These organisms are normal biota of the oral cavity and can lead to serious infections.

Which species is known as the agent of Granuloma inguinale?

Calymmabacterium granulomatis ## Footnote This organism is encapsulated and pleomorphic, often observed within mononuclear cells.

What is the defining feature of Pasteurella multocida?

Causes wound infections following contact with domestic animals ## Footnote Commonly associated with cat and dog bites.

What type of motility is exhibited by Capnocytophaga?

Gliding motility ## Footnote Capnocytophaga species are known for their unique gliding movement.

What is the primary specimen type for Legionella culture?

Bronchial washing, expectorated sputum ## Footnote Legionella species are often difficult to detect directly through Gram staining.

List the three stages of Whooping Cough.

* Catarrhal: General flulike symptoms * Paroxysmal: Repetitive coughing episodes * Convalescent: Recovery phase ## Footnote Each stage presents distinct clinical features.

True or False: H. aegypticus is associated with purulent conjunctivitis.

True ## Footnote H. aegypticus is also known to cause Brazilian purpuric fever.

What is the significance of the Neufeld Reaction in laboratory identification?

Tests for X and V factor requirement and hemolytic patterns ## Footnote It helps differentiate among Haemophilus species based on their growth factor needs.

What is the ideal culture medium for Brucella species?

Castañeda medium (Biphasic medium) ## Footnote This medium supports the growth of Brucella through its liquid and solid phases.