Viamins

Question 0

Thiamin B1

Answer 0

Part of coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate, assists in energy metabolism
Beriberi disease. Damage to NS, heart and muscle
Broccoli, carrot, milk and banana

Question 1

How to vitamins differ from the energy yielding nutrients?

Answer 1

1. Structure
   Not linked together in a chain like proteins and carbohydrates
2. Function
   Don’t yield energy when broken down
   Assist enzymes in the break down of CHOs, FA and proteins
   Shield body from oxidative stress
3. Contents
   Found in smaller anoints and required in low amounts
   (ug or mg rather than g)

Question 2

Riboflavin B2

Answer 2

Coenzyme in energy metabolism, flavin adenosine dinucleotide proton acceptor
Ariboflavinosis, membrane inflammation, mouth, skin, eyes, GI tract, skin lesions covered in greasy scales
Milk, whole grains and cereals

Question 3

Niacin B3

Answer 3

Coenzyme NAD and NADP
Pallagra, dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, death
Mushrooms, potatoes, tomatoes

Question 4

Pentothenic Acid

Answer 4

Coenzyme A in acetyl CoA formation
Body system failure, fatigue, GI upset
Beef, poultry, whole grains

Question 5

Vitamin B6

Answer 5

Forms part of coenzyme active in amino acid metabolism
Depression and confusion
Meat, fish, potatoes

Question 6

Biotin

Answer 6

Coenzyme that carries CO2 in glycogen and fat synthesis, amino acid metabolism
Hair loss, skin rash, neurological impairment
Egg yolk, chicken, carrots

Question 7

Vitamin B12

Answer 7

Activates folate and is involved in DNA and RNA synthesis
Atrophic gastritis, stomach cell,damage, abnormal and immature RBC
Meat, milk and eggs

Question 8

Folate

Answer 8

Coenzyme tetrahydrofolate aids in DNA synthesis
Neural tube defects, spinal cold defects, anaemia, GI stress
Legumes, fruit, vegetables, fortified bread

Question 9

Vitamin C

Answer 9

Antioxidant, neutralises free radicals, cofactors in collagen formation
Scurvy
Citrus and broccoli

Question 10

Vitamin A

Answer 10

Vision, maintenance of the cornea, bone and tooth growth, hormone synthesis and regulation
Anaemia, diarrhoea, general discomfort, corneal degeneration
Spinach, carrots, pumpkin, mangoes

Question 11

Vitamin D

Answer 11

Acts like a hormone in the body and plays a role in bone growth
Rickets- inadequate calcification of bones, osteomalacia, soft, flexible, brittle bones.
Fortified milk, egg, liver, fatty fish

Question 12

Vitamin E

Answer 12

Acts as antioxidant to stop action of free radical. Protects polyunsaturated FA and vitamin A
Loss of muscle coordination, nerve damage and breaking of RBC
Leafy green vegetables, liver, nuts and seeds
Toxic: rare, can interfere with anti clotting medication

Question 13

Vitamin K

Answer 13

Blood clotting, synthesis of bone proteins
Half needs met through action of intestinal bacteria, liver, milk, leafy greens
Deficiencies rare, haemorrhaging

Question 14

Toxicity of water soluble vitamins

Answer 14

Niacin diarrhoea, heartburn, nausea, ulcer irritation
Vitamin B6 depression, fatigue, head ache
Vitamin C nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhoea

Question 15

Relationship between Tryptophan and Niacin

Answer 15

Tryptophan can be converted to Niacin. 60mg tryptophan = 1mg Niacin

Question 16

Relationship between folate and Vitamin B12

Answer 16

Each is dependant on the other for activation. Vitamin B12 removes a methyl group from folate and this activates both